Bacillus subtilis rozpoznává antibiotikum rifampicin prostřednictvím konvergentních promotorů, které řídí expresi genů zajišťujících ochranné mechanismy

Knežová Balgová, Tamara

Bacteria inhabit various environmental niches and compete for survival. One of the survival strategies of some bacteria is to produce antibiotics. The selection pressure of antibiotics on other bacterial species has led to the evolution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Many of these mechanisms are still unknown. Adaptation to inhospitable conditions can be achieved most rapidly at the transcriptional level. The central enzyme of bacterial transcription is RNA polymerase (RNAP), whose activity is precisely regulated by various factors. Its essentiality for bacterial cells makes it a perfect target for antimicrobial compounds. One of these antimicrobial compounds is rifampicin (RIF), which prevents the synthesis of RNA beyond two to three nucleotides and forms stalled RNAP complexes on DNA, thereby inhibiting transcription. Bacteria possess various transcription factors (TFs), that help release or restart stalled RNAP complexes. One of these TFs is HelD. HelD interacts with RNAP and binds to it in both the primary and secondary channels. This leads to the release of RNAP from the DNA and helps restart transcription. There are at least two different classes of HelD, which are structurally different: Class I (e.g. Firmicutes) and Class II (e.g. Actinobacteria). Previous studies have shown that...

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