Úloha dynamiky organel v růstu savčích oocytů, jejich maturaci a raném embryonálním vývoji

Marcinová, Ema

Molecular developmental biology has many implications in human health research, particularly in the field of assisted reproductive technologies. The primary goal is to uncover the mechanisms that govern the development of a complete and functional organism from a single cell. This zygote results from the fusion of the sperm and the oocyte. Females are born with millions of oocytes that will undergo a drastic decline through oocyte differentiation. Oocyte differentiation implies three main and successive processes: selection, growth, and maturation which leads to the establishment of a unique cellular identity associated with morphological changes and functional specialization. During oocyte growth, cytoplasmic resources accumulate and organize during a period of active transcription. Transcription then ceases, and the oocyte undergoes a sequential series of maturation events before fertilization can occur. Nuclear Envelope Breakdown (NEBD), spindle formation, and anaphase lead to the completion of the first meiotic division. During meiosis, spindle microtubules capture and segregate the chromosomes. In an organelle-crowded cytoplasmic environment, chromosomes condense, congregate, align, and separate. The precise mechanisms that regulate bipolar spindle assembly and stability remain poorly...

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