Mitochondriální dynamika a role Miro proteinů ve vývoji oocytu.

Pipalová, Eliška

Oocyte maturation is a highly energy-demanding process that requires precise spatiotemporal coordination of mitochondria to ensure successful fertilization and early embryonic development. This bachelor thesis evaluates the role of Miro (mitochondrial Rho GTPases) family proteins, specifically Miro1 and Miro2, as key regulators of mitochondrial transport and homeostasis within the oocyte. Based on a synthesis of current literature, the thesis analyses how Miro1 mediates the redistribution of mitochondria via the cytoskeletal apparatus. The findings indicate that while Miro1 depletion disrupts mitochondrial distribution patterns in both somatic and germ cells, oocytes exhibit a significantly higher sensitivity to these alterations. In oocytes, the loss of Miro1 leads to severe functional failures, including decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, elevated oxidative stress, and impaired maturation. A significant part of the work focuses on the discrepancy between genetic knockout (ZP3-Cre) and Miro1 siRNA-mediated knockdown, suggesting the existence of potential compensatory mechanisms, possibly involving Miro2. Furthermore, the thesis identifies Miro1 as a crucial "stress buffer" whose natural decline during maternal aging correlates with decreased oocyte quality. The conclusion emphasizes the...

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