Tumorové supresory migrace a invazivity nádorových buněk

Vrbková, Eva

Metastasis is a complex process and the leading cause of cancer mortality, heavily reliant on actin cytoskeleton reorganization. The Rho family of small GTPases serves as the central regulator of actin dynamics, controlling cancer cell plasticity, migration, and invasion. The activity of these molecular switches is strictly governed by regulatory proteins, primarily guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs), and guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs). This bachelor's thesis elucidates the crucial role of these regulators in cancer progression. It highlights that the loss of function or deregulation of specific suppressor regulators (e.g., DLC family, p190RhoGAP, Tiam1, ARHGEF10) leads to aberrant Rho GTPase signaling. This imbalance triggers pathological cytoskeletal remodeling, facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and directly drives cell migration. Based on a review of the scientific literature, this study demonstrates that the inactivation of these tumor suppressors is a critical step in the metastatic cascade. Finally, the use of regulator expression profiles as prognostic biomarkers and future therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the balance of cytoskeletal dynamics are discussed.

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