Metoda Aristotelovy Fyziky

Tříska, Jiří

The dissertation analyses the methodology of investigation into principles in the first book of Aristotle's Physics. The goal is to provide comprehensive interpretation of the method by focusing on its outline in the first chapter and tracking its development throughout the text of the first book. The investigation into principles concludes in the seventh chapter, where Aristotle finally uses the method to determine the principles of natural science, which are the privation, the matter and the form. During the reconstruction of methodological advance, I pay attention also to the way Aristotle works with the theories of his predecessors, which play important role in Physics I. Other Aristotle's texts important for the analysis of the method of Physics are also consulted, namely Posterior Analytics, Metaphysics and Meteorology. I discuss different modern approaches to the problem of method in Physics I as well. Nevertheless, the main aim is to understand the problem from the text of the first book itself. At the end of the dissertation, I show how Aristotle's theory solves the great problem of ancient natural science. Key words: Method, principles, scientific knowledge, science, history of science, physics, change, ancient philosophy, Aristotle

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