Evoluce zraku u cichlid západní Afriky

Kłodawska, Monika

Vision is a crucial sense for organismal survival. Animals rely on vision for essential and complex behaviours such as foraging, predator detection and avoidance, mate choice, and navigation through heterogeneous environments. Given its central role, visual systems evolve under strong selective pressures to perform optimally in specific ecological contexts. Fishes provide an exceptional model for studying visual ecology, as they inhabit the most spectrally diverse light environments on Earth, ranging from ultraviolet-rich surface waters to the red-shifted, tannin- stained waters of tropical rivers and deep lakes. The optical properties of water constrain light transmission and drive adaptive responses across multiple levels of the visual system, including eye optics, retinal architecture, and photoreceptor sensitivity. This thesis examines the ecological and evolutionary basis of visual system adaptation in fishes, with a particular focus on cichlid adaptive radiations and the molecular and developmental mechanisms underlying visual diversity. Chapter 1 investigates visual adaptation to deep-water environments in a young cichlid adaptive radiation from Lake Bermin. This chapter assesses interspecific variation in visual opsin genes sequences and expression in relation to depth, as well as seasonal...

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