Fenotypová plasticita perlooček z druhového komplexu Daphnia similis

Brož, Vojtěch

As the water fleas of the genus Daphnia encounter a variety of predators with different feeding strategies, multiple induced defence mechanisms have evolved within the genus. The presence and extent of individual defence strategies is highly variable both within species and between species. Daphnia sinensis, a widespread member of the D. similis species complex forms a helmet in response to invertebrate predators. The extent of helmet elongation induced by the predatory cladoceran Leptodora richardi has been previously shown to be linked to coexistence of the clones with this predator. I experimentally compared responses of twelve D. sinensis clones, originating from various habitats from puddles to lakes, to the tadpole shrimp of the genus Triops, a predator from entirely different habitats than Leptodora, in order to test whether the variation in their phenotypic responses could be explained by local selection to this predator. Unexpectedly, comparison of induced helmet elongation showed that large helmets were formed in the same clones that showed stronger responses to Leptodora and did not coexist with Triops. Other clones displayed much smaller but still significant changes in the head shape in response to Triops infochemicals. In contrast, induced change in the tail spine length was not...

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