Dopad železnic na vývoj počtu obyvatel v českých obcích

Kučerová, Tereza

Railway infrastructure has historically played a crucial role in shaping regional economic and demographic development. This thesis examines the impact of railway construction on population growth in Czech municipalities between 1869 to 2021, using a panel dataset that combines decennial census records with detailed data on railway infrastructure. To identify causal effects of rail- way access, this work employs a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach with staggered treatment adoption. The findings show that municipalities with railway access experienced sig- nificantly faster and more sustained population growth than those without. The magnitude of this effect varies by railway type, with nationwide railways yielding the strongest impact, and by the population size of the largest urban centre to which municipality is directly connected, with much larger effects observed for municipalities with direct connection to large urban centres. Fur- thermore, municipalities that gained access earlier and those with larger initial populations are associated with more pronounced positive effects. These results highlight the importance of railway infrastructure as a key driver of demographic development and offer insights for future infrastructure planning. JEL Classification R11, R12, N73, J11, C21...

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