Vzájemná souvislost mezi narušením sluchové funkce a rozvoji Alzheimerovy choroby

Ľudrovanová, Nina

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related hearing loss (ARHL) are prevalent, debilitating conditions whose frequent co-occurrence suggests overlapping or interacting mechanisms of neurodegeneration. AD is marked by amyloid-β and tau pathology, while ARHL involves cochlear synaptopathy, oxidative stress, and central auditory reorganization. Epidemiological evidence identifies ARHL as a major, modifiable risk factor for dementia, with hearing loss often preceding cognitive decline. This thesis integrates clinical, neuropathological, and experimental perspectives to examine four theoretical models linking ARHL and AD: common pathology, sensory deprivation, cognitive load, and activity-dependent vulnerability. Evidence from rodent studies shows that genetic AD models frequently develop early auditory deficits, peripheral hearing insults can exacerbate AD-like pathology, and altered auditory-hippocampal network dynamics may promote neurodegeneration. Among proposed mechanisms, activity-dependent vulnerability best accounts for the bidirectional interplay between sensory activity and disease progression. The work highlights key limitations of current models-particularly their emphasis on late-stage pathology and insufficient representation of sporadic AD-underscoring the need for approaches that more...

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