Evoluční ekologie pestřenek (Diptera, Syrphidae)

Daňková, Klára

Hoverflies (Syrphidae) represent one of the most species rich and ecologically important families of Diptera. In my thesis, I focused on three key areas of the evolutionary ecology of hoverflies: Batesian mimicry, pollination and ecological specialisation. Hoverflies, themselves harmless, mimic a wide range of noxious aculeate hymenopterans, reaching various level of mimetic accuracy. The evolutionary origins of this variability remain debated. Our study indicates that highly accurate mimicry dates to the Early Oligocene (33 Mya), and that it likely survived dramatic shifts in predator communities, highlighting its robustness. In a subsequent study of the hornet mimicry complex, results suggest that hoverflies and their co-mimics may have evolved polymorphism to match two hornet models, adopting a strategy especially suited to species with broader geographic ranges. Hoverfly larvae express exceptional diversity in terms of ecological strategy and level of specialisation. In genus Blera, a saproxylic specialist, the ecological niche has likely been conservative for at least 18 million years. On the contrary, the generalist Eristalis tenax with microbivorous larvae has a broad niche and colonized all continents. However, even such a generalist like E. tenax has been proven to have a thermal optimum...

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