Prostorová distribuce a ekologické interakce linií druhového komplexu Gammarus fossarum ve střední Evropě

Bystřický, Pavel Karel

3 Abstract Freshwater amphipods are prone to genetic diversification due to the absence of dormant or migratory stages in their life cycle. It is therefore unsurprising that high levels of cryptic diversity have recently been discovered in many taxa within this group. This includes even the widespread morphospecies Gammarus fossarum, the model organism of this thesis, which comprises dozens of mitochondrial lineages across Europe, many of Miocene origin. Genetic diversity within this complex is particularly high in the Carpathians. This thesis focuses on the westernmost part of this mountain range, where several highly distinct lineages overlap in distribution. Its aim was to evaluate the spatial distribution of these lineages at regional, local, and microhabitat scales and to investigate potential ecological differentiation between them. We hypothesized that local G. fossarum "lineages" are in fact reproductively isolated biological species with at least some extent of local co-occurrence, and we anticipated some degree of niche differentiation in syntopy, such as shifts in habitat preferences and trophic ecology. A regional-scale survey in the Vsetín region, Czechia, confirmed frequent syntopy of focal lineages at nearly half of the sampled sites. Lineage distribution could be partly explained by...

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