Ekonomická diferenciace Evropské unie na úrovni členských států během let 2019-2023

Franko, Ladislav

This thesis analyses the economic differentiation among the member states of the European Union during the period from 2019 to 2023, with a particular focus on the impact of the Covid- 19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and the energy crisis on the economic situation in Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, and Slovakia. The aim of the thesis is to examine whether external shocks have deepened existing economic disparities among the member states and how these differences have influenced the dynamics of European integration. The thesis applies a combination of quantitative comparative analysis of macroeconomic indicators and qualitative analysis of national responses to crisis events. The theoretical framework is based on liberal intergovernmentalism and the theory of differentiated integration. The results indicate that the crises significantly deepened economic differentiation, with Germany and the Netherlands demonstrating greater resilience compared to Poland and Slovakia. The thesis thus contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of economic differentiation in the EU during periods of intense global shocks and highlights the importance of targeted support for convergence in the future.

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