Ustavení imunitní tolerance k exogenním antigenům

Puskeiler, Matúš

This bachelor's thesis investigates the mechanisms of immune tolerance to exogenous antigens, focusing on regulatory T cells in the intestinal mucosa. Although the discovery of regulatory T cells marked a paradigm shift in our understanding of dominant tolerance, the differentiation and functional specialization of two principal subsets, microbiota-specific Rorγ⁺ pTregs and food antigen-specific pTregs, remain partly unresolved. The thesis provides a systematic account of thymic T cell development, including positive and negative selection, examines the roles of key cytokines IL-2, TGF-β and the transcription factor FOXP3 in peripheral Treg induction, and identifies the antigen-presenting cell populations (ILC3s, Thetis cells) that mediate their differentiation. Particular emphasis is placed on maintaining mucosal homeostasis and on the therapeutic potential of modulating these cells in autoimmune disease. The aims of this thesis are to deliver a comprehensive overview of gut Treg development, differentiation, and function, and to evaluate their prospects for clinical application. Key words: immune tolerance, regulatory T cells, exogenous antigens, intestinal mucosa, pTreg

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