Ekonomický rozvoj a privatizace důchodových systémů: zhodnocení stavu v zemích střední a východní Evropy a vize do budoucna

Zhang, Yunyang

Since the mid-1990s, to boost the macroeconomy, many countries in the Central and Eastern European region have implemented pension privatisation policies. They followed the recommendations of the World Bank and established a multi-pillar pension model, including a mandatory second pillar with the most privatised features. This paper reviews the literature on pension privatisation policy, summarising its history and development in Central and Eastern Europe, and providing a comparative analysis of privatisation reforms in individual countries. The promotion of economic development, as the most important driver of pension privatisation reforms, has not yet received a definitive conclusion. This paper aims to extend existing empirical research on the impact of pension privatisation on economic development by employing a time-varying difference-in-difference model with data from 1996 to 2022 for a sample of 11 EU countries in the Central and Eastern European region. The results of the study show that the pension privatisation policy significantly contributes to economic development and increases domestic savings, and that the contribution to economic development is greater in the long run than in the short run. As a result, the pension privatisation policy should continue to be promoted in the future.

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