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Assesment of stress and psychotropic induced changes of trimetric G protein subunit levels and cellular functions in vitro and in vivo in the context of depressive disorder
Páv, Marek ; Kovářů, Hana (advisor) ; Höschl, Cyril (referee) ; Doležal, Vladimír (referee)
Depression is a complex systemic disorder with exhibiting biological, cognitive and psychopathological symptoms. There are changes in hormonal regulation, immune changes and disturbance in function of especially monoamine and indoleamine neurotransmitter circuits in the CNS. Pharmacologic intervention with antidepressants is treating depressive syndrome as well as homeostatic imbalance. These neurotransmitter systems use in the signal transduction from membrane into the cell receptors coupled with heterotrimeric G proteins (GTP binding proteins).This thesis studies changes in G protein subunit levels induced by stress and psychotropic drugs in the CNS and immune system of experimental mice and antidepressant induced changes in vitro in the C6 glioma cell line an in vivo in the rat tissue. Immobilization stress induces prominent changes in the G protein subunit levels in the spleen and CNS of experimental mice with analogical profile of response. Results show importance of stress dopaminergic component in the leukocyte function regulation and also demonstrate importance of dopaminergic regulation without stress exposition. Findings obtained in the glioma C6 cell line show antidepressant induced drug specific changes of the G subunit profiles and demonstrate thus mode of action independent on the...
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Spectrum sensing and multicarrier systems optimization for cognitive radio
Povalač, Karel ; Šimša, Jan (referee) ; Galajda,, Pavol (referee) ; Maršálek, Roman (advisor)
The doctoral thesis deals with spectrum sensing and subsequent use of the frequency spectrum by multicarrier communication system, which parameters are set on the basis of the optimization technique. Adaptation settings can be made with respect to several requirements as well as state and occupancy of individual communication channels. The system, which is characterized above is often referred as cognitive radio. Equipments operating on cognitive radio principles will be widely used in the near future, because of frequency spectrum limitation. One of the main contributions of the work is the novel usage of the Kolmogorov – Smirnov statistical test as an alternative detection of primary user signal presence. The new fitness function for Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been introduced and the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) parameter has been used in the adaptive greedy algorithm and PSO optimization. The dissertation thesis also incorporates information about the reliability of the frequency spectrum sensing in the modified greedy algorithm. The proposed methods are verified by the simulations and the frequency domain energy detection is implemented on the development board with FPGA.
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What is an afect?
Poláčková Šolcová, Iva
In this paper, we will focus on the topic of affect in order to rehabilitate the concept of affect from the mainstream concept in the Czech literature. We introduce affect as an essential component of affective processes, the basic structural unit not only for emotions and moods, but also for emotional episodes, atitudes, passions, beliedfs, and sentiments.
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Current trends in the field of child bilingualism
Scholl, Lucie ; Morgensternová, Monika (advisor) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
The subject of this diploma thesis is the natural bilingualism in children. In the theoretical section, the work has the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of the current perspective on issues of bilingualism, with emphasis on summarizing the latest studies and research. The empirical section of this diploma thesis is drawn up as a mapping study. The data are analyzed with the aid of qualitative research methods. The sample of twenty Czech-German bilingual families are studied for their strategies of bilingual upbringing, the parents attitudes towards languages and respectively bilingual upbringing, and the proportional representation of these languages in their children s everyday life. The principal method of collecting data from the parents in this regard was by a questionnaire. Further The Active Vocabulary Test ASWT-R was conducted on twenty-five pre-school children from these families, to determine to what extent Czech and German language development in these children is well-balanced or if alternatively one of them is dominant. The following steps then focused on observing the related circumstances. Qualitative analyses of the data showed that within the framework of our studied sample, the parents approach to bilingual upbringing is very conscientious and also, that even if one...
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Changes in motor function and seizure susceptibility after photothrombic ischemic stroke in immature rat
Brima, Tufikameni ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee) ; Dylevský, Ivan (referee)
i | P a g e ABSTRACT Changes in motor function and seizure susceptibility after photothrombic ischemic stroke in immature rat Perinatal stroke is a common cerebrovascular disorder affecting one in every 4000 births, typically associated with sequelae that include motor and cognitive deficits and long term comorbidities including epilepsy. We sought to determine the effect of perinatal induced stroke on motor function and seizure susceptibility in rats. Photothrombotic model of stroke was used in rat at postnatal day 7. Firstly we induced ischemic lesions of different extends to assess the consequences of stroke on motor function, locomotion and its correlation to morphological changes after stroke. To this end, paradigms sensitive to sensorimotor changes were used; histological changes were also assessed. Secondly, with the use of pure cortical lesions, seizure susceptibility in PTZ elicited models of epileptic seizures was analysed. For seizure occurrence, latency and severity, two different concentrations of PTZ (60 and 100 mg/kg) were administered subcutaneously in two different age groups at P 12 and P 25. In addition, episodes of rhythmic EEG activity were registered at P 25 following successive 20- and 40-mg/kg doses of PTZ administered interperitonealy. Our data depicted two kinds of lesions with...
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Philosophical problems in Zdenek Neubauer`s works
Špaček, Michal ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the possibility of cognition and roles of philosophy and science as basic forms of knowledge. It is not an analysis of Neubauer's work, but rather an interpretation of its specific parts. The work offers insights into the post-modern treatment of knowledge as it appears in the essays published in the collections Přímluvce postmoderny (An Intercessor of Postmodernity) and O Sněhurce aneb cesta za smyslem bytí a poznání (Of Snowhite, or The Quest for the Meaning of Existence and Cognition). The work describes and amends Neubauer's recognition of the world. It also shows Neubauer's perspective on the imagination, not only as a part of cognition, but also its influence on the development of human society. Besides canceling the monopoly of Science to truthful cognition, it is also guilty of making assumptions about the future, that will almost certainly prove incorrect. The most important part of the work is the question of equality between the perception of social sciences when compared to the perception of exact sciences, and while that question has not been fully answered, already just asking such questions can be useful.
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Spatial Cognition in Dynamic Environments
Blahna, Karel ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Yamamotová, Anna (referee)
Innate and acquired navigational abilities of animals are often used for purposes cf study of neural mechanisms and modeling of cognitive functions. Detailed analysis of behavior allows Berger understanding of some brain structures, such as the hippocampus, entorhinal and posterior parietal cortices, and their role in these phenomena. Most of behavioral tasks involved stable environment, although the world surrounding us dynamically changes every minute. The thesis aimed at extending the knowledge of behavior of laboratory animals in mobile environments and the involvement of brain structures in processing of dynamit information.
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Inhibion potential of acetylcholinesterase reactivators in vitro testing
Šepsová, Vendula ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of farmacology and toxicology Candidate: Vendula Šepsová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, Csc. Title of diploma thesis: Inhibiotin potencial of acetylcholinesterase reactivators - in vitro testing. Nerve agents belong to the group of OFI that irreversibly binds to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is not degraded and its increased concentration causes excessive aggravation of cholinergic receptors, known as acute cholinergic crisis [Patočka, 2004]. The main aim of this study was to compare the relationship between structure and inhibitory effect of AChE reactivators. This knowledge can be used in designing structures of new peripherally acting AChE inhibitors with a reversible effect. The mechanism of peripheral inhibition of AChE is already used for prophylaxis of nerve agent poisoning. The mechanism of action is that reversible inhibitor binds to AChE, it prevents binding of nerve agent on this enzyme. Reversible AChE inhibitors are also used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and in anesthetic practice, to reverse the action of muscle relaxants administered [Brufani, 1997], where the increased concentration of ACh at the neuromuscular synapses is desirable to restore the...
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Position of occupational therapy in System of Rehabilitation
PULKERTOVÁ, Jindřiška
Rehabilitation is generally understood as a discipline solving mainly problems connected with motor system. However, the concept of rehabilitation is much larger. In fact, rehabilitation is the all-society system where restoration of moving functions is only one of goals on the way to one{\crq}s reintegration into society. There are a lot of professions within this system participating in the process. Occupational therapy is one of them. The main goal of the dissertation is to introduce occupational therapy as a profession, and highlight its range and position in the system of rehabilitation. The dissertation answers the question on what occupational therapy can offer to the people in need of rehabilitation and investigates wether and how occupational therapy intervention can contribute to the rehabilitation proccess. Further more, the dissertation compares the roles of the profession in Czech Republic and Europe and uses the findings to formulate new hypothesis which can be used for a future research. The main approach of our dissertation is qualitative investigation. We chose the type of case study and participant observation. All that was completed with technique of secondary data analysis. In case studies and according to the experience from the London hospital has been discovered that occupational therapy deals with all components participating in execution of human activities. Occupational therapy assesses and provides interventions to improve sensomotoric, cognitive and psychosocial functions. The primary goal of occupational therapy is to enable people to participate in the activities of everyday life. The information obtained from trainee-ship on the Department of Occupational Therapy in London and data has charted and clarified position of occupational therapy. Main difference is in competency of the professionals. In Czech Republic competency are lower and more limited compared to the rest of Europe. Additionally, the number of occupational therapists is lower in our country than is an average in Europe. On the base of obtained information the new hypothesis has been made thereby both goals have been met.
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Influence of Emotional Experience in Decision-making Processes
Zenáhlíková, Monika ; Hiršová, Miloslava (advisor) ; Míková, Irena (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with an exploration of emotional experience influence on individuals' decision-making proces in particular companies where managerial posts are occupied by these individuals. The main purpose of this thesis is to find out whether the emotional characteristic affects some individual's decisions in emotionally burdensome situations and what impact these decisions could be on a company situation as a whole. The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with a general and a theoretical knowledge about emotions, emotional experience, emotional expressions and influence of emotions on cognitive and psychological function of an individual. It also pays attention to finding and solving of the problem and decision-making processes. The substantial part of this section creates an analysis of emotion influence on individual decision-making processes. The second part of the bachelor thesis pays attention to detecting and processing the data of the selected companies. The analysis of the collected data finds out an emotional characteristics of selected persons occupying managerial posts. This part investigates a proces of decision associated with higher rate of an emotional burden, behaviour of selected persons in emotionally burdensome situations and a possible impact of these persons' decisions on a company situation as a whole.
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