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Evaluation of selected quality indicators of health care at the department of post-medical care
BALOGOVÁ, Renata
Evaluation of indicators of nursing care quality was the aim of the research. The indicators chosen for the research were satisfaction of patients with the care, evaluation of self sufficiency, state of nutrition and pain. Most of the respondents answered positively in the evaluation of satisfaction with nursing care. 64 % of all the respondents chose the answer satisfied, 36 % chose rather satisfied. None of the respondents chose the possibilities average satisfaction, rather dissatisfied or dissatisfied in the overall evaluation of the physician and nursing care. Hypothesis 1: Patients are satisfied with the care at the SCD was confirmed. Self sufficiency level evaluation ? in the total sum of all the fiends 32.1 % of respondents moved from the level moderately dependent on nursing care to the category slightly dependent on nursing care. The situation in the categories highly dependent and totally dependent on nursing care did not change. Hypothesis 2: The level of self sufficiency in SCD patients is improving during the monitored period was confirmed. The nutrition level improved in the monitored period. In the overall nutrition score sum 14.4 % more respondents were in the lowest category (0-3 scores) after a month of evaluation then at the admittance. Hypothesis 3: The state of nutrition is improving during the monitored period was confirmed. Evaluation of pain at the SCD ? 59.4 % of the respondents reported pain, 39.5 % of whom had the pain at 1 VAS, 34.2 % of the respondents had the pain at 2 VAS, 15.8 % reported the pain at 3 VAS, 5.25 % at 4 VAS and 5.25 % and of the respondents reported their pain at 5 VAS. After administration of pain killers the pain does not exceed 2 VAS. Upon all the above results Hypothesis 4: Pain in SCD patients does not exceed 3 on VAS was confirmed. A summary of selected quality indicators with the method of their evaluation will be the outcome of the bachelor thesis.
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The possibilities of influencing walking stereotypes with botulinum toxin
Kolářová, Edita ; Angerová, Yvona (advisor) ; Pochylová, Barbora (referee)
Title: The possibilities of influencing walking stereotypes with botulinum toxin Abstract: The thesis is focused on finding opportunities to influence the walking stereotype of patients suffering from spasticity of the lower limbs by botulinum toxin. The aim of thesis is to compare the quality of walking stereotype of these patients before and after the application of botulinum toxin by using a standardized test intended to evaluate the walk and based on the results to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin on the walking stereotype. While reading the theoretical part the reader is familiar with the basic concepts related to the problems such as spasticity, botulinum toxin and walking stereotype. The scales evaluating the muscle tone are subsequently described (The Modified Ashworth scale, The Tardieu Scale) and of course the scales evaluating the walking stereotype are also mentioned (Rancho Los Amigos Gait Analysis Form, Gait Assessment Rating Scale, Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment, Tinetti Balance And Gait Evaluation). Scales evaluating the walking stereotype are also described in detail at thesis, their pros and cons are highlighted and upon the preferences of the author, one of these scales is selected to be applied in the practical part. The practical part is composed of case studies of two patients...
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Influence of handball on the shoulder girdle state
Zemanová, Monika ; Nováková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Hošková, Blanka (referee)
Title: Influence of handball on the shoulder girdle state. Goal of the project: Examine and evaluate of functional condition of shoulder joints of young handball players on various player positions between input and output investigation. Suggestion of strengthening and stretching exercises for the area of shoulder girdle and finding if the exercises has some influence on the shoulder point as well as on the player performance. Method: We made comparison of input and output test results by the method of "kvasiexperimental" qualitative study. A modified questionnaire was given to each player before input investigation. Based on the questionnaire we learned deviations from the function, eventually the pain in the area of shoulder joint. After input investigation strengthening and stretching exercises of the shoulder girdle for 13 handball players on the various player positions in the youth team of Dukla Prague were suggested. Results: Results of the investigation of shoulder girdles in the group of handball players did not prove large number of subjective symptoms in the sense of pain and limitation. During clinical examination we also did not learn on any player results pointing the suspicion on expressive structural disorder of the monitored area. However the number of functional changes was...
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The effect of analgesics and their combination with neurotropic drugs on pain and brain mediators
Soukupová, Marie ; Kršiak, Miloslav (advisor) ; Farghali, Hassan (referee) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee)
The first aim was to investigate changes in analgesic efficacy of several analgesics in combination with selected drugs affecting nervous system after systemic administration. The second aim was to ascertain changes of levels of pain mediators in vivo in supraspinal brain structures (in periaqueductal gray matter, central amygdala, striatum) in pain and under the drug influence. The analgesic efficacy of combinations of analgesics with neurotropic drugs was investigated in the writhing test in mice. Interactions between analgesics and neurotropic drugs were evaluated by the isobolographic analysis, which enables to distinguish the supra-additive (synergistic) interactions from solely additive and sub-additive ones. A possible negative effect of neurotropic drugs on motor functions was determined in the rota-rod test in mice. Changes of levels of pain mediators in the brain during pain and under the drug influence in rats were measured by microdialysis in vivo coupled with a high performance liquid chromatography. A model of inflammatory pain induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan and a model of neuropathic pain produced by a spared sciatic nerve injury model were used in rats. We evaluated pain in plantar and von Frey filament test. Our microdialysis experiments revealed that inflammatory pain...
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Molecular characterization of selected strains of amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba, the potential human parasites.
ŠTAUBEROVÁ, Kamila
The genus Acanthamoeba belongs to a group of organisms generally called "amoebae". These amoebae can cause fatal disease in humans, being able to enter e.g. through skin in bloodstream and then spreading through the body. In the body they further parasitize in various tissues including the brain there they cause a little known disease called "granulomatous amoebic encephalitis". The disease is most prevalent in people previously ill with, e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus. Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis leads especially to a brain inflammation, which evolves in brain tissue necrosis. Most prominent symptoms are headaches, nausea and vomiting, aphasia and ataxia. This work mentions also some other amoebae as Neagleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris, Sappinia diploidea a Entamoeba histolytica. Neagleria fowleri is known as a causative agent of an illness called primary amoebic encephalitis. First, I had isolated DNA using Genomic Mini Kit from five amoeba strains. The next step was PCR amplification it is a method depending on alternation of high and lower temperatures in thermocycler. It was followed by electrophoresis, where the presence of bands in agarose gel, which I had prepared myself, showed the presence of absence of amoebic DNA fragments. In case of successful amplification (presence of PCR product) the fragment was excised from gel with scalpel and transferred in a test-tube. The DNA was then cleaned via extraction. The extraction was done with Gel/DNA Fragments Extraction Kit. An intermediate step before sequencing, we tried to clone the product it became obvious that this way is not very effective. The sequencing was provided by the company Seqme. Following work with sequences was conducted in programs BioEdit and alignment in ClustalX. Then, phylogenetic trees were computed in the program PAUP and viewed in TreeView. The results were interpreted in the terms of relationships between the amoebae majority of them belonged to the most common genotype, T4, but their relations within the genotype were not so tight. Concerning the clinical samples available to me (both from human eyes), one of them (O1) belonged to T4 genotype, whereas the other one (O2) belonged to the genotype T3. Another result was evaluation of the effectivity of different primers: specific primers AcaJDP1 and AcaJDP2 were much more efficient than originally used "eukaryotic" primers ERIB1 and ERIB10.
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Klusáčková, Pavlína ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Hajduková, Zdeňka (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
Early diagnosis of occupational asthma is important especially for the prognosis of this disease. The confirmation of the diagnosis of occupational asthma is sometimes difficult using diagnostic methods available nowadays. That is why searching new methods is very important. Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry enables the separate detection of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) - LTC4, LTD4, LTE4; LTB4 and 8-isoprostane. If patients with occupational asthma and controls were compared, only LTC4 was significantly higher among all EBC parameters studied in asthmatics (despite corticosteroid treatment). This marker could be used in the future diagnostics. Monitoring of 24-hours variability of EBC parameters in patients, in whom occupational asthma is suspected, showed relatively high intraindividual and interindividual variation. It is evident therefore, that if only one daily measurement in asthmatics would be possible (which is common in articles of several authors), it should be collected in the same period of day in all persons. In negative bronchoprovocation tests significant changes of EBC parameters were not found. The evaluation of positive bronchoprovocation tests was limited by small number of patients, however in five persons from six, the...
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Ultrasonographic evaluation of cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with Fabry disease
Paleček, Tomáš ; Bultas, Jan (advisor) ; Pudil, Radek (referee) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee)
Fabry disease is an X-linked glycosphingolipid storage disorder caused by deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A. This leads to progressive intracellular accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide. Besides various extracardiac disease-related abnormalities, cardiovascular involvement represents a typical manifestation of Fabry disease. The primary underlying mechanism relies on pathological substrate accumulation in cardiomyocytes, conduction system cells, valvular fibroblasts, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The development of cardiac and vascular hypertrophy represents a characteristic cardiovascular feature of Fabry disease. The aim of our studies was to describe in detail cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with Fabry disease using ultrasonography, which currently represents basic noninvasive imaging modality in cardiology. We focused on structural and functional abnormalities of ventricles, valvular apparatus and their relationship to vascular involvement expressed on common carotid arteries. We also compared the diagnostic accuracy of the two novel echocardiographic methods used for the left ventricular diastolic function assessment. The possible existence of circulating proliferative factor, which might be associated with...
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The possibilities of use of the robotic system da Vinci for treatment of localized prostate tumor
Podzimek, Michal ; Kočárek, Jiří (advisor) ; Kolombo, Ivan (referee)
Cancer of prostate is the most frequent male malignity and also it is the second most common cause of death in Europe and in the USA. There are 2 228 new cases reported in the Czech republic per year. The probability of occurrence of this disease is one to six during whole life. There is a good success in detection of his disease in the early stage due to development of screening methods. In such case the radical prostatectomy is very successful method of treatment. Besides of operation methods like open radical prostatectomy and laparoscopic prostatectomy there is a new operation method using robotic system da Vinci. The aim of this machine is to bring the advantages of the miniinvasive surgery together with keeping intuitive handling like in open surgery. First da Vinci system was bought and installed in the Central military hospital in Prague, Czech republic in 2005. The common knowledge about using this method is very low in both general public and specialists. Nor patients, neither their doctors often know about possibility of surgery using da Vinci system. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate almost three years of experience of treatment localized prostate tumor using da Vinci system, and to describe its possibilities, benefits and disadvantages. Collection of 255 patients files aged...
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Agression measurement and assessment using methods of psychological diagnostics
Harsa, Pavel ; Žukov, Ilja (advisor) ; Hynek, Karel (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Stanislav (referee)
We have tried in doctoral thesis to objectively verify usability of questionnaires and projective methods in evaluation of aggressiveness of psychiatric patients. In the theoretical part of the study we discuss definitions of aggression and aggressiveness. There is a number of theoretic interpretations of aggressiveness and aggression in which these general terms are characterized. Most authors and single theory are in full agreement of views that there are two types of aggression, aceptable and unacceptable for society. We have aimed at bio-psycho-social aspects of aggression and the structure of aggressive personality. Nowadays there are many branches of science, which are engaged in aggressiveness, for example genetics, biology and psychology. It is evidence to support the view that aggressiveness is a serious problem in human society. At the same timee it is difficult to find empiric assessment of aggression. (...) In conclusion: These results verify clinical and forensic experience with assessment and measurement of aggressiveness. Test methods show much more general temperament dispositions, tendency to emotional reaction and to explosive reactions. Information and experience from this thesis could be helpful for assessment of emotional aggression in psychiatric patients and for forensic practie....
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Genetic Aspects of Sporadic Ovarian Cancer
Jančárková, Natalia ; Freitag, Pavel (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Kohoutová, Milada (referee)
58 9. SUMMARY Molecular biological parameters, including genetic alterations, present new and perspective direction in diagnostics, prediction of prognosis, monitoring and possible therapeutic approaches in oncological disease. The results presented have to do with the project, which is concentrated upon chromosomal rearrangements in ovarian and cervical cancer and their correlations with available parameters of both molecular biological and clinical characteristics. Sixty patients with ovarian cancer and twenty patients manifesting cervical cancer were included into the study. The histological type and grade, MIB-1 and p53 (using immunohistochemical method) were estimated by histopathologist. Both conventional karyotyping and molecular-cytogenetic methods (fluorescent in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization) were applied to reveal chromosomal aberrations. The results were subjected to statistical evaluation, using analysis of variances and χ2 test. There were correlated parameters of quantitative and qualitative character - age, stage, histological type, grade, CA 125 before and after treatment, MIB-1, p53, surgical residuum, lymphadenectomy, response rate, chromosomal rearrangements. Analyses accomplished in ovarian cancer group revealed typical amplifications on chromosomes 1q, 3q and...
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