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The issue of woman´s pregnancy in higher age
KUNTOVÁ, Anna
My Bachelor thesis devotes to the issue of the pregnancy of women in older age. This topic is currently very topical and frequently discussed. This work is divided into the theoretical and the practical or rather the research part. In the theoretical part we defined the physiological pregnancy, the general problems of the pregnancy in an older age and family planning. In the next chapter, we have focused on the influencing of a woman's age on her experience with pregnancy or the fetus. According to many studies, there is the evidence that women over the age of 35 years are predisposed more to the pregnancy complications.The important issue is also the fertility decreasing prominently after the woman´s age of 30 years. The prenatal care, psyche and needs of women in old age are mentioned too.There were two purposes of my work. The first one was the effect of the age of woman on the course of her pregnancy. The second one was monitoring of the most frequent reasons for getting pregnant in an older age. Five research questions were chosen : How does older age affect the course of pregnancy? How do multigravidas women evaluate the pregnancy before the age of 35 and after that age? How do midwives educate pregnant women in older age, and how they assess them? How is the situation about the awareness of women about the risks of pregnancy in an older age? Why did women deside for the pregnancy in an older age?The research was based on the qualitative method with the help of personalized semistructured interviews. Interviews were conducted with ten women aged 35 years and over (they were divided into the five primiparous and five multiparous) and three midwives. The research was conducted at the practical gynecologists offices on the basis of their consent to research.The results of this study pointed to the issues of pregnancy above the age of 35 years. It was found and in some cases confirmed, that age can really have a negative effect on the pregnancy after the 35th year of the woman's life.The pregnancy hypertension, low overlying placenta or the danger of amniocentesis appeared at respondents. We cannot say every pregnant woman will suffer from complications.The high-risk pregancy of older age was proved in some cases, it is possible to say three out of ten respondents spent their pregnancy without problems. The reasons for decision of women to have a child in this age are the women´s partners. Sometimes woman married a new partner or she was waiting for suitable partner for a long time. Sometimes women simply want a baby and they do not think about their age. The other reason can be also career or hobbies of women or the unintended pregnancy.My bachelor thesis pointed to possibility of risk for pregnant women aged over 35 years. It should serve as an information source but not as a plan that women can expect if they get pregnant over 35 years age. Established reasons of women to become pregnant should show the present situation and the attitudes of women. The results are a reflection of our time, because the age for women pregnancy grow. It is good to know why this is happening. We can argue against the issue of the knowledge and the education of women. They should know the risk of pregnancy over 35 years in advance. Is the ignorance in this issue the positive factor? Every woman is a personality with a different understanding and a different psychological frame of mind. It is necessary to perceive a woman holistically and to think about her anamnesis.
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Řízení lidí v multikulturním prostředí
Moryc, Katarzyna Małgorzata ; Dvořáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vávra, Radovan (referee)
The main objective of the thesis was to define and analyze key aspects of managerial work in multicultural environment, in one of the Shared Services Center department, of multinational company based in Prague, Czech Republic. Further thesis aimed to define essential competencies of the successful manager and leader driving performance of multicultural department and provides recommendations to improve managerial performance in key aspects of manager s work such as communication, motivation, performance management and cross-cultural leadership. It is argued that presence of intercultural interactions between managers and their subordinates, impacts effectiveness of the managerial performance. Thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. First part of the thesis explores theoretical concepts regarding culture, communication, motivation and leadership with respect to multicultural environment specifics. In the second part, used research methods, conducted research analysis and outcomes are presented. Further in practical part recommendation towards analyzed aspects of managerial work that would lead to higher overall department performance are defined.
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The effect of investment in tertiary education on gross wages in the region Prague
Diessner, Daniel ; Chytil, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
The aim of this work is to determine whether and how higher education affects gross wages. The theoretical part focuses on the theory of human capital, especially investment in education. The theory posits that a higher investment in human capital leads to higher yield, higher wages. The validity of this concept will be tested on the group of respondents who entered the labour market at the turn of millennium. Concentration of candidates with tertiary education in this period has risen considerably, which could cause an imbalance in the labour market. The practical part is based on the work of Mincer (1974). I used Mincer Earnings Function as a basis to build regression model. Partial aim is to prove the declining rate of return on investment in tertiary education using Mincer Equation.
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Tax and legal issues of real-estate business in Austria
Banctel, Kristýna ; Filipová, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Drozen, František (referee)
The purpose of this study is to compare tax and civil-law issues concerning property business in Austria and in Czech Republic in 2016 and to investigate the efficiency of the current legislation against the real estate bubble. The theoretical part of this study contains selected demographic and price statistics concerning real estate in both countries and focuses on the description of the existing law currently in effect in both compared countries. The practical part analyses tax and transactions costs that concern property trading and a comparison of possibilities of amortisations and rentability of a rented flat in both countries.
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The way of consumerism in the interwar Czechoslovakia nn the example of consumption of coffee, cocoa, chocolate and tea.
Syrová, Tereza ; Jakubec, Ivan (advisor) ; Jančík, Drahomír (referee) ; Štemberk, Jan (referee)
Dissertation thesis discusses the consumption of cocoa, coffee, tea and chocolate in the interwar period in the Czechoslovakia. On the basis of statistical data and examination of archival sources comes with the definition of the middle classes of the population, which those commodities consumed. The thesis shows the distribution of consumption of commodities based on the survey in blue-collar and white-collar families. Furthermore provides insight into the lives of families, distribution of their spending and the size of income. It refers to the representation of cocoa, coffee, tea and chocolate in the consumer basket and shows the elasticity of the mentioned commodities. For the central part of the research of the dissertation thesis chose the Czech territory only, because here were without difficulty accessible data sources. The Dissertation thesis clarifies the causes of consuming cocoa, coffee, tea and chocolate and concludes that each was consumed from another purpose, which resulted status of these commodities. Tea consumption has been designed especially for the higher classes of the population, chocolate bought mostly white-collar family, but over twenties speared consumption of chocolate products also among the middle and lower classes into the population. The chocolate products were subject to early 20s of the luxury tax. Cocoa was used in connection with cooking and baking, but families didnt use this product frequently. Coffee drank all layers of the population, but consumption was based on the social status of the consumer. Very frequently families consume rye coffee and chicory coffee. Dissertation thesis also highlights the regional differences between the classes, which were further intensified. Thesis examines in detail the amount of the duties of the commodity, which in the interwar period varied widely, and concludes that the duty to disproportionately increase the price of products and made it impossible for consumers to buy more of cocoa, coffee, tea and chocolate.
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Differences between men and women in the Czech labour market
Stroukal, Dominik ; Kadeřábková, Božena (advisor) ; Pavelka, Tomáš (referee) ; Němec, Otakar (referee)
This thesis consists of five articles that apply current world research on labor economics at the Czech Republic and confirms the significant differences between men and women in this market. It shows that gender has a significant influence on the preference on the labor market and, consequently, on employment and health. First, the thesis shows that preferences are relevant determinant of career and then we study the difference in preference of salary for men and women. Subsequently it shows that gender plays a significant role in explaining the relationship between homeownership, and unemployment, as well as unemployment and health. The first chapter was able to demonstrate that the preference for a career has a positive influence on the choice of career. The influence of higher education on prioritizing career proved to be positive and significant. Probability of a career choice is reduced by the presence of children, however, is not dependent on their number, which is contrary to the theory of preferences. The second chapter shows that Czech women prefer more non-monetary rewards than men. It has also been shown that people with university education are same in the preferences of non-monetary rewards regardless of the gender of the respondents, however, compared to the world's research, the Czech higher education increases this preference. It turned out that women prefer risk less than men. The third chapter demonstrates that although the housing market undermines labor mobility and employment in the Czech Republic at the regional level, therefore, that in regions with a higher rate of home ownership is higher unemployment, at the individual level, the owners of housing are unemployed are less likely. The estimates are significantly different for men and women. Men living in owner-occupied housing have a higher likelihood of employment than women. At regional level, however, this thesis shows that the high rate of home ownership increases unemployment for both men and women, in the long run only to women. The fourth chapter showed that men transition to homeownership reduces the likelihood of unemployment next year. For women, this relationship has proved to be insignificant. In addition, as insignificant showed the opposite relationship, the transition from unemployment to the newly acquired home ownership. The last chapter shows that the change in the working status to unemployment will increase in the future probability of worse health. Influence in less than two years, however, proved to be significant. An important conclusion is that men have a significantly stronger relationship between health and unemployment than women.
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Aspects of the virtualization of higher education and its comparison in the CZ and US
Dlauhá, Dominika ; Šedivá, Zuzana (advisor) ; Pour, Jan (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the evolution of online higher education in the CZ and US, from its beginnings to its current state. Emphasis is placed on describing MOOCs and virtualization in education, ranging from technological, pedagogical and didactic aspects to legislature and finance. A survey was conducted to determine the interest in online courses at the University of Economics, Prague and experience with online learning, resulting in an outline of the future development in this area.
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The stability of biologically active compounds in elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) inflorescence during processing
SUCHÁ, Renata
This thesis examines the stability of rutin in the inflorescences of the elder during processing. Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) is a medicinal plant that was used for medical purposes as early as in the Middle Ages. Both flowers (Flos Sambuci) and fruit (Fructus Sambuci) of the elder are on the list of official medicinal products of the State Institute for Drug Control. The main active phenolic substance is flavonoid rutin. Flavonoids are phenolic substances of plant origin. Among the best known properties of these substances is their antioxidant activity. They protect the low density blood lipoproteins from the oxidation modifications that cause the development of arteriosclerosis and hypertension. As a medical plant, the elder is used especially for the preparation of a medicinal drink. It is also commonly used as a material for the preparation of syrup. This product serves as a basis for a refreshing and tasty drink and lately is has also started to be sold in shops. For comparison, five single-flower syrups from the elderflower by different producers were bought. A method of preparation of the elderflower syrup was devised, based in one case on frozen elder inflorescences and in the other on dried inflorescences. The plant material came from wildly growing shrubs and it was collected in June 2013. Altogether, 8 syrups were prepared in the laboratory, 4 of them from fresh material and 4 from dried material. Two different methods were used. The first one was based on extraction using sugar solution, the second one on extraction using water solution where sugar was added afterwards. Another added substance was ethanol. The method for measuring the amount of rutin in the samples was a combination of two extraction steps. The first step was the usual exraction using aqueous methanol and the second step was extraction using a solid sorbent (SPE). The analysis of fresh and dried material concluded that dried elderflowers contain many times more rutin than fresh elder. Among the commercially produced syrups, the "Kitl Syrob Bezový" contained most rutin; a little less rutin was found in "Hamé Bylinný sirup Bezový květ". The concentration of rutin in the syrups prepared in the laboratory was much higher than in the commercial products. By using different methods of syrup preparation and their subsequent analysis, it was found that the syrups prepared from the dried inflorescences contained a higher amount of rutin than the syrups produced in the same way, but from frozen material. Addition of a small amount of ethanol had no effect on extraction of rutin from inflorescences. Free quercetin, which indicate a decomposition of rutin, wasn´t found in any of produced syrups. The produced syrups were used for the preparation of a drink and then underwent sensory analysis. The paired two-sided preference test included pairs of drinks consisting of a fresh elder drink and dried elder drink. The results showed that the evaluators preferred syrups from dried elderflowers in two of the cases, while in the other two evaluated pairs, the results were not statistically significant. In all cases, the evaluators most often found small and middle differences. The gained results show that the best method of syrup preparation uses dried plant material and sucrose solution as the extraction agent. The syrup prepared in this way contained most rutin and at the same time showed the smallest losses of this substance, which is beneficial to human health. Furthermore, it also tasted better in comparison with syrup prepared in the same way, but from fresh material.
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INFLUENCE OF LASER CUTTING AND PUNCHING ON MAGNETIC PROPERTIES\nOF ELECTRICAL STEEL M470-50A
Bulín, Tomáš ; Švábenská, Eva ; Hapla, Miroslav ; Ondrůšek, Č. ; Schneeweiss, Oldřich
Electrical steel M470-50A belongs to the most often used materials in electrical machines. Due to this fact, it is desirable to know the magnetic parameters after processing raw sheets into the required shape. Basic parameters of mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties of the sheets are usually obtained from the producer but the magnetic properties are changing in dependence on additional machining processes. The aim of this study is to describe changes in parameters of magnetic behavior after punching, laser and spark cutting of the original sheets. The basic information of structure was obtained by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The magnetic parameters were acquired from the measuring of magnetic hysteresis loops in dependence on saturation fields and frequencies. The results are discussed from the point of view of applied\ncutting technology with the aim to obtain the best magnetic parameters and consequently a higher efficiency of the final product. Results can be used as input parameters in simulation of the electrical machine.
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Role of Psb28 proteins in the biogenesis of the Photosystem II complex in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
BEČKOVÁ, Martina
The thesis focuses on the role of Psb28 proteins, namely the Psb28-1 and its homolog Psb28-2, in the biogenesis of the Photosystem II complex (PSII) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. The aims of this work were to localize the proteins within the cells, and to determine their function. A fraction of both Psb28 proteins was identified in the monomeric PSII core complexes but most proteins were found in the unassembled protein fraction associated with thylakoid membranes. Psb28-1 was mostly detected as a dimer while Psb28-2 as a monomer. Psb28-1 also differed from Psb28-2 by its higher affinity to the PSII core complex lacking CP43 antenna. Characterization of Psb28-less mutants suggested regulatory function of the proteins in PSII biogenesis in connection with chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. Analysis of preparations isolated using FLAG-tagged versions of Psb28 proteins showed their association with Photosystem II - Photosystem I supercomplexes, especially under increased irradiance, and supported a role of Photosystem I in the PSII biogenesis.
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