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Observation of non invasive and invasive screening cerebral vessels from the radiologic assistants view.
NOVOTNÁ, Dana
The subject my thesis was ? Observation of non invasive and invasive screening cerebral vessels from the radiologic assistants view". In the theoretical parts I explore the disorder of blood - vessel in cerebral occurrence (CMP) and its diagnosis. It is about the acute illness caused by closure of some of the cerebral arteries and resulting in vapidity brain (ischemic) or bleeding to the brain (haemorrhage). It ranks among the most frequent causes death in developed countries. The practical part includes research of usage non invasive and invasive depict methods in brain and cerebral vessels diagnostics. I processed quantitatively the statistical data which I gained from the Radio-diagnostic Ward in hospital in Ceske Budejovice. The result of this emerges from superiority of non-invasive screening above invasive one. In the non- invasive depict methods in diagnosis of CMP most often uses computation tomography (68 %), which for a certainty will distinguish ischemic from haemorrhage. Magnetic resonance (7 %) is more sensitive method at ischemic diagnostics. Another method is the ultra-sonography (13 %), in which we can assess the level of stenos/occlusion screened vessel. As the only vice invasive methods is catetrizac angiography (12 %), which is considered as the golden standard in displaying the blood - vessel bed. Its advantage is the possibility to join endovascular intervention. The next aim was to compare the role of radiologic assistant during single screening. It was necessary to find common point in practical activities of the radiologic assistant at both types o screening and to show the differences in specific substance and the work demands.

Rekonstrukce kraniocerebrálního poranění pomocí metody konečných prvků
Jiroušek, Ondřej ; Brichtová, E. ; Jírová, Jitka
The paper deals with reconstruction of a sport accident using detailed FE model of skull and brain is presented in the paper. The sport accident involved a 12-year old boy on whom a handball cage fell during school sport activity. FE model of human head was developed using series of CT scans obtained postsurgically. Rigid body model was used to assess initial conditions at the moment of the impact which were used in finite element modeling of the head impact. The detailed FE model was imposed to the initial conditions obtained just before the head impacted the playground. The pressure, shear stress response, von-Mises stress response and logarithmic strain values were evaluated in four regions: (i) frontal, (ii) parietal, (iii) occipital and (iv) midbrain region. For the head injury assessment a criterion based on the criterion proposed by Miller et al. in 1998 is applied. Results from the numerical analysis of the accident showed good agreement with clinically observed head injuries.

Investigative CT algorithms for the early diagnosis of ischemic brain lesions
VOHNOUTOVÁ, Markéta
Stroke is the second most often cause of death in the Czech Republic after heart attack. It is not to say that older people are afflicted in particular. In the last period of ten years there are more often cases of stroke and ictus for people at the age of 40. The aim of this bachelor work is processing of knowledge acquisition in summary. The main point of this work is to evaluate the asset of new software programmes of multidetector computed tomography during early diagnostic of sudden strokes. In part of Present state there are following terms described in detail. It is etiology, aethiopathogenesis, risk factors of stroke. The next part is centred on anatomy of brain vascular supply and computed tomography Nowadays, software programmes have been improved enough for early diagnostics of ischaemic brain lesion. It is caused with continual improvement of diagnostic imaging and its digitalization. In many medical fields it has been spoken about new field of imaging - digital radiography. The computed tomography represents star part in the diagnostics, scanning of non-enhanced brain is the first period of the diagnostics, this algorithm shows us if it concerns haemorrhage or non-haemorrhage centre, continuing perfusion of brain which represents chat percent of tissue is damaged forever and it is finished with diagnostic process Angiography. The following part is focused on processing of data acquisition from České Budějovice Hospital, Inc. and Masaryk Municipal Hospital in Jilemnice. In these hospitals there are the numbers of patients examined CT compared. My hypotesis is confirmed and I can say that usage of new software programmes for early diagnostic of sudden strokes reduces per cent of complications during their cure.

The specifics of nursing care for patients with brain injuries
KAŠKOVÁ, Markéta
The incidence of brain injuries, their complications and consequences are very serious medical issues. Nurses who meet these injuries in everyday practice are irreplaceable here.The objective of this study was to determine whether nurses have sufficient knowledge of the specifics of care for patients with brain injuries and whether nurses are able to detect possible complications in time. Information necessary to assess the quantitative survey were obtained by collecting data through questionnaires in the departments of Traumatology, Neurosurgery and Anaesthesiology resuscitation at Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. (České Budějovice Hospital). Based on the results, it was found out that nurses still do not have sufficient knowledge on the specifics of nursing care for patients with brain injuries. The first hypothesis was not confirmed. Another area examined was the knowledge of the symptoms of brain injury. Here, the respondents were well informed and answered most of the questions correctly and consistently. Therefore, the second hypothesis can be considered to be confirmed. Regarding the issue of whether nurses can detect complications of brain injury in time, there were some great differences in the responses of respondents from each individual department. Generally, it can be said that the knowledge of nurses about the complications of patients with brain injuries are sufficient and the hypothesis was confirmed.

Psychopatological result of schock
JELÍNKOVÁ, Hana
Topics of this diploma thesis are psychopathological consequences after craniocerebral trauma. This thesis focus on rising cognitive deficit after different brain damage. I solve rising of brain trauma and psychopathological deficits. I describe medical examination, which define diagnosis and individual form of rehabilitation. After that follows somatic and functional diabilities of central nervous system. The last chapter is about casuistry of young boy, who was injured in the crash. He had head injury with another psychopathological deficits.

Comparison of nursing care about apallic patients in domestic and institutional care from carer?s viewpoint
SOUSEDÍKOVÁ, Zuzana
As a result of urgent medicine acceleration and neurosurgery care improvement individuals that had minimum chance of life saving in the past survive brain insults. Increasing occurrence of people with apallic syndrome is a consequence of this progress. This thesis compares domestic and institutional care of apallic people. It examines whether the care quality and complexity are comparable. As the domestic care is more economical for the government it has to be supported in the times of insufficient funds for health care. Quantitative research technique of non-standardized interview was used for data collection. The research sample consisted of six healthcare workers and six family members caring for apallic patients. One respondent had a son in institutional care, however she took him temporarily to domestic care. Questions for healthcare staff and for caring family members were prepared separately. The results show that apallic patients in domestic care achieve substantially better results. The physical load is comparable, mental load is higher for family members. The basal stimulation, which is extremely important for apallic patients, is purposefully applied in institutional care only, as it is provided by trained staff there. The results of this work were presented at the 4th National Student Conference organized by the Faculty of Healthcare Studies of the Pardubice University. The data are published in the proceedings: SOUSEDÍKOVÁ, Zuzana. Comparison of nursing care about apallic patients in domestic and institutional care. In VI. National Student Scientific Conference of Bachelor and Master Programmes General Nurse, Midwife, Healthcare Rescuer, Nursing. Pardubice: Pardubice University, 2011. p. 18. ISBN 978-80-7395-391-1. The thesis will also be provided to the Cerebrum Association, which is going to publish it on its website and provide it to its clients, who are in touch with patients after brain injury. Distribution of this work among people having individuals with insulted brain around is the best way how to highlight the urgency of the problem.

Physiotherapy for Stroke Patients in Chronic Stage Using the Methods of the Neurophysiological Basis
HANZALOVÁ, Jitka
The topic of the thesis is the physiotherapy based on neurophysiological methods for chronical stage stroke patients. The stroke is a lesion of a part of the brain tissue which develops suddenly from lack of blood perfusion in the area. The clinical manifestation of stroke can differ widely depending mainly on localization, extent, graveness and duration of the reduced blood perfusion or encephalorragia. This results in need of special rehabilitation programme made for each patient individually. The main principle of physiotherapy based on neurophysiological methods is prospering from plasticity of the neural tissue which is preserved in spite of severe injury of the brain. These methods influence control mechanisms in central nervous system by activation of various neural receptors. This therapy affects the patient complexly, it is not aimed at analytic muscle training. The purpose of this thesis was to prove and to evaluate the significance of the neurophysiological methods based physiotherapy for chronical stage stroke patients. The thesis consists of theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part resumes information on the stroke, its risk factors, complications, consequences etc. The next part briefly describes some of the neurophysiological methods which can be used for the stroke rehabilitation. These particular methods were then utilized in the practical part during physiotherapy sessions with concrete patients. The theoretical part also informs about other means of complex rehabilitation which can be used for treating chronical stage stroke patients. The practical part records physiotherapeutical treatment with the patients. In the practical part of the thesis qualitative research method was used and following methodics: anamnesis, entering examination, special examination by Chedoke for hemiplegia scoring, the records of each therapy session and evaluating the effect of the therapy, which show that physiotherapy for stroke patients is meaningful in chronical stage as well and that the methods and concepts used are suitable. The thesis may serve as a source of information for healthcare professionals and other people taking part in care of the chronic stage stroke patient.

Stanovení kritéria poškození hlavy pomocí konečnoprvkového modelu
Jiroušek, Ondřej ; Jíra, J.
Paper presents a detailed finite element model of human head used for head injury criteria assessment. Today most used HICs are based on the history of linear acceleration only. However, the rotational acceleration plays also important role, due to the rupture of bridging veins involved in the relative motion between the skull and the brain. Presented model allows for new approach to define the HIC based on either strain energy or on combination of linear and rotational acceleration history. The model is based on a series of CT and MRI scans of a cadaver head of high resolution and is composed of three different regions: 1. skull, 2. brain and 3. subarachnoidal space. Discussion on material properties of these four distinct regions is given in the paper.