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Design of erosion and flood control measures in the cadastral area of Palkovice
Ujházy, Adriana ; Uhrová,, Jana (referee) ; Sobotková, Veronika (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with design of soil erosion control measures and flood control measures in the cadastral area of Palkovice. The request for construction came from the village Palkovice. It sits at the foothills of Beskydy with a very sloping terrain. In addition, there are larger soil complexes without any erosion control measures, which leads to degradation and reduction of soil yields. The introduction summarizes desired objectives. Then thesis deals with the description and analysis of the current state of the village and its solution. The solution of technical measures is depicted in the situation and elaborated in more detail. The drawings are enclosed in attachment. The conclusion summarizes the content of the work, achieved goals and benefits.
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Diptera in food webs of wetland ecosystems
Pijálková, Helena ; Hadrava, Jiří (advisor) ; Kolář, Vojtěch (referee)
Families of the order Diptera are frequently found in freshwater wetlands, affecting nearly all trophic levels, serving as detritivores, herbivores and predators. Diptera are characterised by an enormous ecological variability of their larval life strategies, which often differ even within individual families. Their adults form an important connection between the aquatic environment of a wetland with its terrestrial surroundings. As a result, adults of various wetland Diptera may serve as pollinators, predators and a prey of other animals including humans. Until now, research of food webs in wetland ecosystems has been focused mainly on a few economically significant groups of Diptera such as mosquitoes, or has been focused on the role of Diptera in transfer of heavy metal from wetlands to other ecosystems. However, overall wetland dipteran diversity still remains understudied. Examining the roles of insects as well as other organisms in food webs is important for example to simulate possible consequences of introduction or extinction of certain species on ecosystems. Further research is therefore necessary to understand how do various dipteran taxa affect other organisms in wetlands as well as their surroundings. Keywords: Diptera, wetlands, ecological webs, detritivory, herbivory, predation
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The importance and use of wetland plants in the past and present times
KOZÁK, Martin
This paper deals with a research on the importance and use of wetland plants in history and present. The aim of the work is to collect information and critically assess the information on the importance of wetland plants to human society in the past and present including their uses. The review builds on the existing treatment of the topic in the Czech language and extends it with information published in foreign-language scientific and professional literature over the last 20 years and summarizes knowledge especially on wetlands, useful, invasive and endangered wetland plants.
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Food competition between waterbirds and fish
Bečvář, Viktor ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Musil, Petr (referee)
Food competition between waterbirds and fish can be a crucial factor in todays wetland ecosystems. In certain situations it can be decisive if a specific site is still suitable for waterbirds or not. Large aquatic invertebrats are often shared food resource. Situations where specific waterbirds and fish compete for this resource were described in many wetland habitats. Fish are often much more effective in acquiring food to the point when this relationship can be described as asymetrical competition. The level of competition can be also influenced by various envirometal factors or different attributes of waterbird and fish populations. The knowledge obtained by studing this relationship can be then used in management of protected areas and comercially used waterbodies.
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Carboniferous tropical ecosystems of euramerican province
Frojdová, Jana ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sakala, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the tropical terrestrial ecosystems of Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) time. It is especially focussed on description of the Carboniferous tropical forest and its components. Introductory parts of the thesis deal with the general characteristics of Carboniferous period, including fauna and flora, distributions of continents and how was the climate of this period. Second part follows the characteristics of particular components of the Carboniferous tropical forest, i.e. of individual plant groups and genera, and their ecological demands. Characterised are plants and their assemblages in tropical lowlands as well as in upland areas, rarely preserved in sedimentary record. In the next part I characterise the dynamics of the forest of Carboniferous tropics and discuss potential mechanisms which controlled the floristic changes including plant extinction. The role of climate changes, which had great influence on vegetation, is discussed as the possible main control. In the separate chapter I describe extinction of arborescent lycopsids. Key words: ecosystem, tropical forest, lowland, climate changes
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Influence of temperate zone wetlands drying and overgrowth on bird diversity and abundance
Tuháček, Filip ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Cepák, Jaroslav (referee)
Wetlands, the essential ecosystems, contain plenty of animal and plant species. Due to their various types and characters, wetlands support very different organisms, especially birds. Animals are thanks to their adaptation made for life in water, and some species are water-dependent - they use wetlands to forage and as breeding sites or nesting sites. Birds, and mainly waterbirds, require var- ious habitat characteristics because some of these habitats are due to bird diverse ecology suitable just for a few bird species. Wetlands drying and overgrown is a major threat for these ecosystems, and they are influencing birds in different ways. The efficiency of hunt or food availability may be affected by both changes in water depth and the density and extent of vegetation. These variables have a diverse effect on nesting birds, firstly on habitat selection for nesting and secondly on nesting success and survival mainly because of predators, because predation tends to be increasing with decreasing both water depth and nest cover. In terms of possible wetland management and restora- tion, we have to remember that we cannot generalize these effects for all bird species. Possibilities are creating new wetlands or restoration, such as vegetation cutting, burning, and livestock grazing. These options bring...
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Design of erosion and flood control measures in the cadastral area of Palkovice
Ujházy, Adriana ; Uhrová,, Jana (referee) ; Sobotková, Veronika (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with design of soil erosion control measures and flood control measures in the cadastral area of Palkovice. The request for construction came from the village Palkovice. It sits at the foothills of Beskydy with a very sloping terrain. In addition, there are larger soil complexes without any erosion control measures, which leads to degradation and reduction of soil yields. The introduction summarizes desired objectives. Then thesis deals with the description and analysis of the current state of the village and its solution. The solution of technical measures is depicted in the situation and elaborated in more detail. The drawings are enclosed in attachment. The conclusion summarizes the content of the work, achieved goals and benefits.
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Peat formation and peat meadow restoration
Krejčová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Picek, Tomáš (referee)
This work aims to clarify and describe the necessary conditions of the peat soil horizon formation. The following three types of locations were compared. Drained locations that were revitalized afterwards. Locations which were drained and never revitalized. And lastly undrained localities where the original peat horizons are still presented. It has been proven that the grounwater level differs in drained and undrained areas. However, there was no significant differrence between revitalized and non-revitalized areas in drained types of locations. The results confirmed that Sphagnum spp., which is the most important species in peat formation, dominates the plant community where the groundwater level is higher than 25 cm. If the grounwater level is lower than 25 cm below the surface, Sphagnum spp. disappears very quickly and degrades peat soil horizons. The work also proved the groundwater level directly affects plant comunities that more or less promote carbon accumulation in the soil but water level and anaerobic conditions have no direct affect on soil carbon accumulation and only affect the vegetation composition of the peat soil horizon.
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