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Financial reporting of software companies under IFRS
Blažek, Michal ; Vašek, Libor (advisor) ; Vácha, Petr (referee)
The thesis focuses on financial reporting under IFRS in comparison with US GAAP. It defines a software company and characterizes the business segment as very dynamic, rich in business combinations. The thesis describes methods of financial reporting of intangible assets, research and development and external sources for obtaining software. In-house created software is rarely capitalized that cause undervaluation of assets. In particular assets from business combination are reported. The thesis describes software revenue recognition according to current IFRS/US GAAP and the new revenue standard. It compares chosen aspects of reporting in segments: B2C, B2B, social networks, information security and search engines. In the conclusion, the thesis evaluates current situation in described segments regarding relevance of the standard to monetization models and intangible assets of software companies and it provides possible outlines in the future.
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R&D performance management focused on information basis of SMA techniques in SME
Kubáňková, Marie ; Král, Bohumil (advisor) ; Wagner, Jaroslav (referee) ; Janeček, Miroslav (referee)
The importance of research and development (R&D) as a resource of knowledge that are of a key issue for many firms to achieve and sustain competitive advantage has been extensively debated in R&D management literature and also in practice theory approach to management accounting. There is a little research on practical implementation of the R&D performance management, R&D projects management. Strategic management accounting (SMA) has rather omitted the constant themes of managerial practise such as organisational resources, innovation or R&D management. Also the implementation of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and management of small and medium size enterprises (SME) has been neglected by researchers. The presented dissertation addresses the above mentioned limitations, therefore the main objective was identified as creating a framework of R&D performance management in SME, while dissertation is focused on information basis of SMA techniques particularly BSC. The main objective was divided in the following sub-objectives: identify the key problems of R&D management in the target population of SME in the Czech Republic, identify which SMA techniques are used in R&D performance management setting and compare the results with the findings of Donnelley (2009) in Bremser & Barsky (2004) and finally outline specific R&D metrics in a BSC framework. The research questions were based on the reference framework underlying the research. The two first sub-objectives were solved using data derived from questionnaire responses from the target population of SME in the Czech Republic. The key findings are: the vast majority of examined SME use the same metrics to measure R&D performance as found Donnelly (2000) in Bremser & Barsky (2004) such as number of approved projects ongoing, R&D spending as percentage of sales, current percentage of sales of new products, percentage of budget resources dedicated to R&D. Most of the examined enterprises use budgets and costing. The questionnaires also mapped problematic issues related to R&D performance management, while the results indicated as most problematic the following topics: inadequate organizational structure and insufficient competence settings, poor system of R&D project evaluation that neither contribute to reach the strategic nor financial goals nor to balance the R&D long term and short term objectives. The third sub-objective found support within the investigated firm that upheld the BSC implementation process suggested by Bremser & Barsky (2004). The process was slightly modified. Analysis of existing measures of R&D performance was added. One of the most intriguing findings is the practical implementation of SMA techniques that shall support greater impact of SMA in SME practice.
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Daňové dopady realizace výzkumných a vývojových aktivit v České republice
Čermák, Petr
Research and development is one of the key factors for a long-term balanced economic growth, and therefore it is in the interest of individual countries to support it. The thesis discovers that the main tax instrument for promoting research and development in the Czech Republic is a tax deductible item. The paper finds out that businesses are not currently tax motivated to implement research and development using public universities. Therefore, an adaption in the tax deductible item to motivate businesses for such cooperation is designed. Furthermore, the thesis verifies that the amount of patent applications turned in to Industrial Property Office by public universities, or businesses depends on the volume of expenditure on research and development used in these sectors.
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Institucionální prostředí a rozvoj znalostní ekonomiky v zemích střední a východní Evropy
Horký, Štěpán
This thesis deals with a relationship between the institutional environment and knowledge economy development in the European Union with an emphasis on the new EU member states from Central and Eastern Europe. First, the thesis describes the state of knowledge economy development in Central and Eastern European countries and then it assesses convergence of the region in the explored area with the old members of the EU. Then, the thesis evaluates the importance of institutional environment for creating conditions for the development of knowledge economy.
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Impact of Research and Development on Economic Growth: Evidence from European Industrial Sector
Adjei, David Danquah
The main objective of this thesis is to analyze and estimate the impact of research and development (R&D) on the economy of the EU. The impact of Labour Force and Gross Fixed Capital Formation are also investigated alongside. Using Ordinary Least Squares method and data from 1993 to 2013, the results show that R&D in the form of Gross Expenditure on R&D in the EU plays a positive significant role in economic growth as well as the other factors; labour force and gross fixed capital formation. Graphical analysis of factors that influence R&D in member states show that the R&D efforts and intensities are very dissimilar. Based on these, this paper recommends a two-prong approach by the EU to increase R&D and Innovation intensity by focusing on increasing R&D intensity in both private and public sectors of individual member states. Apart from governments providing more fiscal support for R&D, the EU is advised to introduce a more detailed R&D scoreboard which will cover both private and public sectors of member states to highlight the real situation of R&D in the Union. This paper concludes that the EU 3% target of R&D intensity by the year 2020 is only possible if they will focus more on increasing the intensity as recommended
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Dopady amerických společností na regionální rozvoj
Kundera, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis's main aim is to evaluate the influence of American companies on the regional development in the South Moravian Region. In the theoretical part, the concept of regional development and its factors are defined. Moreover, it describes important domains in the area of regional development that are related to the topic of the thesis, such as competitiveness, foreign direct investment and R&D. Further, it characterizes the South Moravian Region and evaluates its contemporary state of regional development using SWOT analysis, chosen indicators and competitiveness index. In the practical part of this bachelor thesis, foreign direct investment inflow from the USA is examined and US companies conducting business in the region are listed. Based on the received data, a statistical method is used to show the impact of chosen US companies on the regional GDP. Finally, the influence of these foreign companies on the area of regional development is evaluated and new possibilities are examined.
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Science and technology parks as a tool for innovative business support
EIBLOVÁ, Eva
The aim of this work is to evaluate the activities of science and technology parks (STP) and their benefits for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in South Bohemian Region. Analysis of available information and research on a selected group of small and medium-sized firms showed that: a) There are suitable conditions to support innovative activities of small and medium-sized companies in the region, including sufficient spare capacity in the existing STP. b) There is a little awareness about the possibilities of a cooperation among STP and small and medium-sized enterprises in the region. c) Firms are willing and ready to innovative behavior d) Firms have a small interest to cooperate with STP Application of innovation is a key precondition for any company to keep pace with market developments and maintaining competitiveness. Small businessmen are showing some innovative intention, but usually do not have funds enough for their development and subsequent application. Another problem presents itself willingness and readiness of companies to innovative behavior. Sometimes there is not enough trust that the dedication to develop any innovations will improve the situation. Small and medium-sized businesses which are considered to be the basic building blocks of country economic stability are quite reluctant and show no or just a little awareness to cooperate with STP in the region. Hence, cooperation with STP remains an unexplored opportunity and remains a challenge for the future.
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Innovation Policy of Germany and its Impact on Balance of Trade
Tichý, Ondřej ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Klosová, Anna (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on innovation policy of Germany, its development and characteristics. It briefly describes the state role in the area of innovation policy and authorities involved in there. This thesis deals with technological specialization in German innovation system and position of German research system in international comparison. It also analyzes the impact of innovation policy on balance of trade.
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Canada's Innovation Policy and its Impact on the Trade Balance
Řezáčková, Lucie ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Štemberk, Jan (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse level and system of innovation policy in Canada and to assess the impact of this policy on the country's international trade and trade balance. The first chapter defines the terms innovation and innovation policy and describes the tools that are used for implementation of innovation policy. The second chapter describes the role of the government and the private sector in innovation policy and outlines Canada's most important institutions and organizations supporting research and development and associated federal programs. The purpose of the third chapter is a description of an economic development of Canada and the overall analysis of the innovation system. The last chapter analyses the international commodity and territorial trade and focuses primarily on export of high-tech products. Subsequently, it evaluates the impact of implementation of innovation policies on economic development and trade balance of Canada.
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