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	Several Optical Designs of Off-Axis systems Rail, Zdeněk ; Franců, Helena ; Ulrichová, Iva ; Šípová, Gabriela ; Vápenka, David ; Vávra, Emil This paper introduces several types of optimized off-axis mirror systems. Systems without central shading and color defects provide high-contrast imaging. They are suitable for use as astronomical telescopes or as precision laboratory collimators of parallel light beams. Many of these devices have been designed and constructed for various purposes in the Development Optical Workshop of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Detailed record
	The Residual Optical Aberrations of the Merz Objective Lens 108/1620 mm Rail, Zdeněk ; Melich, Zbyněk ; Vápenka, David ; Šrajer, Bohdan During the cleaning and adjustment of the Merz lens with a diameter of 108 mm and a focal length of 1620 mm, we had the opportunity to measure its optical parameters. From the measured values we made a calculation of residual optical defects of this achromatic lens. The results of these mathematical simulations are presented in this paper. The lens was made around 1923. Detailed record
	A Glued Objective Lens of the Steinheil Type Rail, Zdeněk ; Franců, Helena ; Ulrichová, Iva ; Šípová, Gabriela ; Jareš, Daniel ; Kuryshev, V. ; Vápenka, David This paper analyses the achromatic dublets with an entrance lens of the flint glass. The objective lens of this construction were devised by German physician Carl August Steinheil in the half of the 19 th century. Several pieces of these dublets were manufactured for astronomical purposes in our workshop in the past. We discuse the mathematical evaluation and the method of manufacture of the glued Steinheil objective with plane exit surface. Detailed record
	The Telescopes of Dall-Kirkham Rail, Zdeněk ; Ulrichová, Iva ; Kuryshev, V. ; Vápenka, David The paper deals with the optical aberrations of the two-mirror telescopes composed of the ellipsoidal primary and the spherical secondary mirrors. The system was discovered by Horace Dall and Alan Kirkham at the end of the Twenties of the 20th Century. Its optical elements are easy to manufacture and measure. These telescopes can be equipped by lens correctors and turned into multipurpose devices both for planetary observation and wide field photography. Several telescopes were manufactured in workshop of the Toptec Center in Turnov. Detailed record
	The Maksutov´s Systems from Turnov Rail, Zdeněk ; Melich, Zbyněk ; Jareš, Daniel ; Pintr, Pavel ; Vápenka, David This paper deals of a design and a manufacture of optical systems with the entrance meniscus corrector of Maksutov. Many of these high performance systems have been manufactured in several workshops in Turnov since Seventies. We present our experience with the optical design, manufacture and construction of the meniscus telescopes and cameras in this article. Detailed record
	The Optical Parameters of Famous Refractors Rail, Zdeněk ; Jareš, Daniel ; Pintr, Pavel ; Vápenka, David In this paper we publish the optical parameters of several historic telescopes, which we have found in scientific literature or web pages. Data were inputed into the optical program ZEMAX, which evaluated their residual aberrations. Detailed record
	The Simulation of Residual Optical Aberrations of the Objective Lens of Merz 124/1477 Rail, Zdeněk ; Melich, Zbyněk ; Šrajer, Bohdan This objective lens was renoved in the Institute of Plasma Physics, v.v.i. Center Toptec in Turnov. During the process we got a possibility to measure the objective lens on the optical bench and to evaluate its residual optical aberrations. The objective lens was manufactured in 1860-1870 years Detailed record
	The Spherochromatic Aberration of the Clark‘s Objective Lens of the Ondřejov Observatory Rail, Zdeněk ; Šrajer, Bohdan ; Jareš, Daniel ; Vápenka, David ; Pintr, Pavel In our paper the results of mathematical simulations of the residual aberrations of Clark‘s 8 inch (diameter 203.2 mm) objective lens are presented. This achromatic dublet has been used at the Ondřejov Observatory for more than 100 years mostly for solar observation. Detailed record

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