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PERSPECTIVE METHODS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE UTILISATION FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION
Elsässer, Thomas ; Klemeš,, Jiří (referee) ; Žaloudík, Petr (referee) ; Stehlík, Petr (advisor)
Tato práce o energetickém využití čistírenských kalů obsahuje popis vlastností kalu (hustota, měrná tepelná kapacita a dynamická viskozita). Stěžejní kapitoly jsou věnovány desintegraci kalu pro zvýšení obsahu sušiny po odvodnění a experimentálnímu zkoumání tvorby emisí při spalování kalu, kde byl posuzován vliv přídavku alkálie. Spalování vysušeného kalu proběhlo ve fluidní vrstvě, byla zkoumána produkce škodlivin a distribuce těžkých kovů. Druhá ucelená část práce je věnována termochemické desintegraci stabilizovaného kalu, přičemž byl experimentálně vyhodnocován vliv na obsah vody v odvodněném kalu. Provedené experimenty sloužily k detekci vhodné teploty a dávky chemikálie. Výsledky experimentů byly rovněž podkladem pro ekonomickou bilanci, která je založena na úsporách za likvidaci menšího množství kalu.
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Treatment of Waste Water Treatment Sludge Prior of its Following Utilization
Pěček, Jan ; Klemeš,, Jiří (referee) ; Žaloudík, Petr (referee) ; Jícha, Jaroslav (advisor)
Industrial production of cellulose is an energy intensive process. Businesses aim to utilized as much input energy, materials as possible while minimizing the waste as well. In addition to the main product – cellulose and large amounts of organically polluted water which is subsequently treated in waste water treatment plants. This PhD thesis deals with formation of suitable mixing formula for sludge from cellulose production and available materials (waste) from close neighborhood of Biocel Paskov a.s. so that well balanced cofermentation products are achieved. This mainly involves grass from lawn maintenance, grass ensilage, potato peels, and leftovers from vegetable processing. Fermentation processes (both mesophilic and thermophilic) of prepared fermentation products were conducted in semi-continuous and continuous laboratory fermentation units. Reduction of organic mass depending on residence time was closely observed as well as production and quality of biogas along with quality of output digestate. Course of process behaviour under controlled pH was tested. Results of particular tests were integrated into graphs. Conclusion of the thesis presents balance scheme drawn for selected variants, and design of real fermentation station with individual buildings, operations, basic machinery and equipment description including investment costs. Financial calculation and expected investment return was conducted in two variants – without subsidies and including subsidies from Operational Programme Renewable Sources of Energy.
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Disintegration of sludge thickened by flotation
Veverka, Jakub ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The main topic of this thesis is a research of influence of disintegration of sewage sludge on the production of biogas during the process of anaerobic fermentation. The theoretical part deals with issues and specific methods used during the process of waste water cleaning, furthermore it contains simplified description of waste water treatment plants and particular devices. The number of ways of processing sewage sludge and its potential utilization id also discussed. Following parts of the thesis analyze in detail my own process of anaerobic fermentation including important factors influencing this process. Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation and ecological perspective on the issue are included in this part. Another important part of the thesis deals with disintegration and description of the disintegration methods and devices. The fundamental part implies the analysis of the executed experiments. Experiments analyze the growth of biogas during anaerobic fermentation depending on the disintegration of sewage sludge. After that the evaluation of the experiments is stated together with economical calculations of the disintegration process executed in laboratory conditions.
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Experimental solar drier of sewage sludge
Širůček, Vojtěch ; Niesner, Jakub (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The master’s thesis is focused on the issue of solar drying of sewage sludge. The sludge management of wastewater treatment plants is described in the first part of this thesis. This theoretical part also deals with description of drying and dryers used for sludge treatment. The second part of the thesis is focused on the experimental solar drying of sewage sludge and the evaluation of the results.
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Pilot Scale Solar Dryer Design
Plucar, Tomáš ; Létal, Tomáš (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
is Diploma’s thesis is addressing the issues of technical drying, principles and types of technical drying, solar drying possible usefulness of sewage sludge in the Czech Republic, its availability during the season, the legislation related to the processing of sewage sludge and design of pilot scale solar dryer.
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Pilot Scale Solar Dryer Design
Plucar, Tomáš ; Jícha, Jaroslav (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
This Diploma’s thesis is addressing the issues of technical drying, principles and types of technical drying, solar drying possible usefulness of sewage sludge in the Czech Republic, its availability during the season, the legislation related to the processing of sewage sludge and design of pilot scale solar dryer.
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Incineration of Sludge Mixed with Alkali
Urban, Václav ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
Subject of the present Ing. thesis is problem of incineration of sewage sludge and influence of lime on production of editions. In work are described kinds of sewage sludge combustion and possibilities of edition cleaning. Work includes design and description of experimental combustion of sewage sludge mixtured with kalcite in fluidized bed reactor. The end of work delal with, evaluation of editions from combustion experiment. Evaluated components of bunt gases are: heavy metals, TZL, SO2, CO, CO2, HCl, HF, O2, NO, PAH, PCB, PCDD/F.
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Higher Heating Value of Sewage Sludge
Mikluš, Michal ; Bělohradský, Petr (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The thesis is focused on problems of thermal treatment of sludge from wastewater treatment plants. The main objective is to establish a formula for calculating higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV) of sludge based on its chemical analysis. The work is divided into two main parts: The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of sludge, thermal treatment of sludge, it isn´t omitted higher heating value and lower heating value. The main topic of a practical part is formulation of eguations for HHV and LHV calculation. Chemical analysis of sludge samples were supplied by TÜV NORD Czech s.r.o., together with the values of HHV and LHV. The calculations were verified by the program MINITAB.
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Mathematical model of solar drying of sewage sludge
Ficza, Ildikó ; Houdková, Lucie (referee) ; Hájek, Jiří (advisor)
Solární sušení je mimo jiné energeticky nenáročná a tudíž vysoce ekologická cesta pro zpracování kalů z malých čistíren odpadních vod. Výsledkem tohoto procesu je produkt, který je velmi dobře použitelný v zemědělství jako přírodní hnojivo. V rámci této práce bude sestaven zjednodušený dynamický model sušení vrstvy kalu s jednou prostorovou souřadnicí. Tento model bude diskretizován pomocí vhodné numerické metody a bude provedena jeho implementace do výpočtového programu v prostředí MATLAB.
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Methods of sewage sludge thermal treatment
Rosendorfová, Lenka ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The first part of this diploma thesis targets in the formation of summary of methods of sewage sludge thermal treatment. Sludge is dangerous material rising from water treatment. Original water pollution is concentrated in sludge. Spectrum of the different methods of sludge disposal is very vast, thermal methods belong to the most advanced ones. Nowadays, legislative rules and regulations make more restrictive, hence sludge disposal is problematic because of economic and ecological view of point. The second part of this diploma thesis is dealt with perspective sludge management at the Central Waste Water Treatment Plant Prague concerning sludge drying and consequent sludge incineration.
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