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Distribution of organochlorine pesticides into the environment
Plačková, Lucie ; Stoupalová, Michaela (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The master’s thesis was focused on the determination of persistent organic pollutants, namely polychlorinated biphenyls were detected (PCB 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) and organochlorine pesticides. A total of 31 were evaluated contamination of organochlorine compounds. The level of contamination by organic pollutants were detected in 20 samples, 9 samples were sediments from the river Jevišovka, which is located in the South Moravia and 11 samples represented arable soil samples and were collected in the vicinity of this river. In the theoretical part are characterized both groups of substances, their fate in the environment and negative effects on living organisms. The experimental part focuses on the sampling procedures and processing for analysis by gas chromatography. There is described a complex analytical process involving the three extraction methods (accelerated solvent extraction, microwave extraction and ultrasonic extraction), extract purification and self-determination by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC / ECD). In the samples of sediment were detected these PCB congeners (138, 153 and 180) and organochlorine pesticides (b-HCH, HCB, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT and o,p’-DDT).. In soil samples were detected PCB congener 28 and organochlorine pesticides (HCB, b-HCH, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT and o,p’-DDT).
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The issue of determination of tin in environmental matrices
Bušinová, Markéta ; Sommer, Lumír (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the retrieval of the content of tin in environmental media, the circulation in them and possibilities of the determination of tin in the environment. Summarizes available information on the properties of tin and its compounds, the occurrence and circulation of tin in environmental and determination of tin in environmental media, attention is paid to the determination of total tin content using method of ET-AAS. The experimental part is focused on optimization methods of determination for the ET AAS and selection of a suitable extraction procedure for determination of total tin content in soils and sediments. The best procedure for the determination of tin in the ET-AAS was applied to samples of soil, sediment and water. As the optimum matrix modifier was chosen the solution of Pd (NO3)2 in 5% ascorbic acid, the optimum pyrolysis temperature was 1400 °C and atomization temperature 2400 ° C. Neither of extraction procedures examined were found to be an appropriate procedure for the determination of tin in environmental samples and further work is necessary to optimize the method of separation.
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Toxic metals in water and sediments of Brno water reservoir
Bořek, Tomáš ; Čelechovská, Olga (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with usage of the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) for the determination of labile metal species in the surface water and sediments of Brno water reservoir. Sediment and water samples were collected on the selected sides of Brno water reservoir on September and October 2008. The DGT technique was used for determination of depth profiles of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni and Al. The DGT probes with three different thicknesses of diffusive layer were applied into the sediment samples. The obtained results gave the information about release of metals from solid phase into the pore water of sediment. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd in sediments were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave decomposition. The DGT technique was used also for determination of Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd in surface water from Brno water reservoir.
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The pump station design for hydro-mixture transport
Béreš, Matej ; Štigler, Jaroslav (referee) ; Habán, Vladimír (advisor)
This master’s thesis is concerned about the flow of hydro-mixture in pipelines. In the first part, I am reviewing the characteristics of disperse systems, pumps and pipelines used in hydro-mixture transportation. Slurry pumps and polyethylene HDPE pipelines receive an extra attention. In the second part, I am working with data obtained from the co-operation with the PROGROUPE Sediment Removal company. These data were measured during revitalization of the water dam Gabčíkovo. In the next step, I use the data to suggest the required characteristic for the slurry pump for pump station in project of revitalizing Borovoe lake, situated in Kazakhstan.
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Assessment of soils and sediments contamination by heavy metals in the region Jihlava river
Marek, Milan ; Adamec, Vladimír (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with a potential contamination of hazardous metals of soil and sediments. The metals cadmium, copper, lead and mercury were chosen, their specification, limited concentration and methods of determination are also described in thesis. City Jihlava and its surroundings were chosen for evaluating pollution of the soil and sediments in this area. In collected samples of the soil and sediments presence of copper, cadmium, lead and mercury were detected via atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS, ET-AAS, AMA 254). The metal pollution of soils and sediments by hazardous elements in Jihlava River and in Jihlava region was evaluated.
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Determination of organic tin compounds in the environment
Fojt, Jakub ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
Organotin compounds are one of the most produced and most used organometallic compounds. Some of these substances are endocrine disruptors, persistent organic polutants and their high toxic effects are observed. That’s why their presence in the environment caused by human activity could endanger many organisms. The aim of this thesis is summarize their properties and their occurrence in the environment. Then the quick, easy and relatively cheap method for determination of trialkyltin compounds in heavily poluted aquatic sediments using capillary zone electrophoresis is developed.
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The Use of Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Drug Residues
Dvořáková, Petra ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Sokol, Jozef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work is based on the occurrence of drug residues in the environment. This study is focused on the development and optimization methods for determination of selected drugs in the surface water, aquatic sediment and sewage sludge from waste water treatment plant. From the group of drugs were chosen antibiotics. Antibiotics presented in the environment can cause adverse effects including toxic effects, immunity disorders and indirect bioalteration effects. Sulfonamide antibiotics, which are used in the treatment of urinary and respiratory tract infections as well as in the treatment of other infectious diseases, were chosen as a target compounds. Three optimized analytical methods for determination of sulfonamide antibiotics were developed. For the optimization of extraction were tested: solid phase extraction, pressurized solvent extraction, microwave extraction and ultrasonic extraction. For the final analysis was used liquid chromatography with two detectors - diode array detector and mass spectrometer. These optimized methods were applied for the analysis of real samples. The surface water and sediment samples were collected from two Moravian rivers (the Svratka river and the Svitava river). Samples of sewage sludge were collected from waste water treatment plant Brno-Modřice. Fish samples from the Svratka river were also collected. It was observed that all the selected sulfonamide antibiotics are present in real sediment samples (ug.kg-1). Simultaneously presence of some target analytes in real surface water (ug.l-1) and in sewage sludge (ug.kg-1) samples has been confirmed. In samples of surface water from the Svitava river and in fish samples sulfonamide antibiotics were not detected or their concentrations were below the limit of detection.
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Sedimentation reservoir on the stream Kuřimka
Holá, Lucie ; Julínek, Tomáš (referee) ; Uhmannová, Hana (advisor)
The goal of the bachelors work is a proposal of sedimentation tank on Kuřimka in the cadestral area of Moravské Knínice. In calculations there was made capacity of addressed section and calculation of levels for thirty-days water and selected N-year flow. One of the chapters was dedicated to evaluation of vegetative suite. For calculations there was used one-dimensional mathematical model HEC-RAS 4.1. Determination of roughness of bottom and slopes was based on personal visit. The result is determination of capacitive flow, evaluation of current state and proposal of sedimentation tank on the chosen estate. Bachelors work can be a contribution to another sedimentation tank in the area of Brněnská dam.
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