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Statistical models for capital models of insurance companies
Švagerková, Lýdia ; Šimurda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mazurová, Lucie (referee)
This work deals with the topic of lapse rate modelling in the field of Life Insurance. First, the theoretical apparatus is established: the linear models and their extension, generalized linear models. Furthermore, we describe the process of model selection and evaluation. In the second part of this work we describe the influence of various individual as well as macroeconomical parameters on the lapse rate. We summarize the findings of previous works in this field. The last part introduces models in statistical software R based on generalized linear models and describes the process of their selection and evaluation. Outputs from these models are interpreted and compared to the ratio analysis results.
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Residual analysis of botanical pesticides using separation methods
Medová, Tereza ; Nový, Pavel (advisor) ; Táborský, Jan (referee)
Botanical pesticides that include essential oils are considered to be one of the possible alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides in plant protection, therefore it is important to develop our knowledge about these natural substances. This Master thesis comprises the residual analysis of selected compounds contained in Cymbopogon citratus Stapf, Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils after their application on plant material. The chemical composition of each essential oil was initially analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - MS). This analysis helped to select three representative compounds for each essential oil and the residues were determined for each of them. Citral, Geranyl-acetate and Limonene were selected for C. citratus, b-Citronellol, Geraniol and Linalool for P. graveolens and Thymol, p-Cymene and g-Terpinene for T. vulgaris. Two new methods to determine botanical pesticide residues were developed. The new methods should provide faster and easier analysis. One of them uses Solid Phase Microextraction method (SPME). The other one, that was applied in the residual analysis, uses hexane for extraction. The results show that essential oils' persistence is very low on the surface of plant material, which would imply they are environmentally friendly and safe for human health assuming correct manipulation with these substances.
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The Use of Separation Methods for the Study of Selected Drugs and Pesticides in Water
Burešová, Jitka ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work is focused on the study of penetration of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. The aim was to develop and verify the optimal method for long-term monitoring of the occurrence of selected pesticides and pharmaceuticals in surface waters. Two frequently used analgesics ibuprofen and diclofenac, and carbamazepine that is used to treat epilepsy, were chosen from the group of drugs. A group of 41 pesticides were selected for monitoring too. The attention was focused on a group of urea pesticides and phenoxyacetic acids, as well as on selected pesticides falling to the group of priority substances or identified as environmental quality standards. Some of pesticides were selected because their consumption in the Czech Republic exceeds 30 tons a year. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC / MS / MS) was used for the determination of selected analytes in surface waters. Two optimized analytical method were developed. Ten analytes were determined in negative ion mode and 34 analytes in positive ion mode. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for purification and concentration of the samples. Developed methodology was validated and used for monitoring of selected compounds in samples of surface waters from the Morava River basin. Samples were collected on the rivers Morava and Svratka monthly for two years. Samples from the river Blata and stream Nivnička were collected for one year. Surface water samples were also collected from the river Litava. Four samples were taken throughout the length of the flow during one day. Smaller streams were chosen for monitoring because of the probability of occurrence of pesticides. They flow abundantly agriculturally cultivated areas. Drugs ibuprofen and diclofenac were detected in all taken samples, carbamazepine mostly. Among the most commonly occurring pesticides were bentazon, diuron, isoproturon, carbendazim, MCPA, MCPP, propiconazole, tebuconazole and 2,4-D.
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The Usage of Separation Methods for Research of Biologically Active Substances in Waters
Vydrová, Lucie ; Friedl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Chýlková,, Jaromíra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Pharmaceuticals are biological active compounds with different functional groups, physico-chemical and biological properties. These chemical compounds are called as “new contaminants” which cumulate in various environmental components. These contaminants input to environment from industrial processes, hospitals and health care institutions or household sources and these pollutants can to negatively interact with environmental components. Pharmaceuticals are separated according to structure and their effects to live organisms. On the basis of drug consumption in Czech Republic the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most using pharmaceuticals, because these drugs can be obtain without prescriptions. The choosing analgesics for study were monitored in waste water from waste waters treatment plant (WWTP Brno – Modřice) and in surface water from two sampling sites of river Kretinka. Pharmaceuticals were monitored in surface waters in Czech Republic, in Scotland (river Thurso) and in Taiwan (river Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan) Solid phase extraction (SPE) is used for extraction of study pharmaceutical from water system. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection or mass spectrometry was used for determination of drugs in surface waters from Czech Republic. The water samples from Scotland and Taiwan were analysed and the high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was used for determination of pharmaceuticals. The method of HPLC/MS enables the determination of study compounds in the very low range of concentrations (ng ? l-1). All monitored pharmaceuticals were identified and quantified in water samples from river Kretinka in Czech Republic, river Thurso (Scotland) and rivers Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan in Taiwan and the obtained data were compared.
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Optimization of using of pesticides against pests in system of integrated production of vegetable
Kocourek, František ; Holý, Kamil ; Stará, Jitka
Methodology is addressed to farmers and growers of Brassica vegetable, mainly for growers in system of integrated production of vegetable. Methodology contain information and recommendation for control against main pests of Brassica vegetable necessary for implementation of principles of integrated control in agreement with legislation requirements valid from 2014. Selection of means against pests is based on evaluation of pre-harvest period of active substances of pesticides and evaluation of side effects of these substances on nontarget organisms. For each active substance of pesticide and evaluated vegetable species, data about residue degradation in dependence on time from term of application. According to residue degradation of pesticides in vegetable it is possible to state action pre-harvest periods for low-residue and no-residue vegetable production. Data about side effects on natural enemies and other non-target organisms are given for each active substance of pesticide allowed in EU for vegetable control including substances potentially available for allowing in the Czech Republic. According this knowledge it is possible to rank the active substance into green, yellow and red list of pesticides for integrated system of Brassica vegetable production.
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Residues of inhibitors in cow´s milk
STŘELEČKOVÁ, Veronika
Milk, in our territory frequently used cow?s milk, is very important nutrient. Its importance consists in the contents of valuable proteins, easily digestible milk fat, lactose, vitamins and minerals. The quality of raw cow?s milk is characterised by many indicators, for example total number of microorganisms, number of somatic cells, content of basic constituents (fat, protein, lactose, non-fat solids), freezing point or occurrence of undesirable foreign and inhibitory substances. Residuals of inhibitory substances (RIL) are one of the main criteria of raw milk hygienic quality, where they can appear for example due to prevention and treatment of mastitis. The risk of occurrence and spread of bacterial resistance, disruption of intestinal microflora, allergic reactions and RIL toxic effects, both in human and veterinary medicine, belong among the biggest risks of RIL presence in food and raw materials of animal origin, including milk. Inhibitory substances have an inhibiting effect on development and activity of microorganisms and in particular in milk industry they affect the activity of dairy cultures causing significant production problems. Their presence in milk causes problems when producing cheese, during fermentation of yoghurts and other fermentation during milk processing. Prevention of RIL occurrence depends especially on adherence to basic breeding and veterinary measures when using drugs and medicines, on technology discipline in primary production and regular and strict control of RIL contents in milk from the primary production up to processing when various screening detection methods are used. It is very important to deal with the matter of RIL in milk in connection with quality standards, national legislation and European Union legislation and to control methods used for their detection and verification.
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