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"Guilt and Wrongdoing: The Problem of Responsibility"
Pacovská, Kamila ; Barabas, Marína (advisor) ; Kohák, Erazim (referee) ; Cowley, Christopher (referee)
(in English) This dissertation explores the notions of guilt and wrongdoing in the context of contemporary analytic ethics. It draws upon the critique, advanced in the second half of the 20th century, of a one-sided interest in episodic action and its rightness or wrongness. Thanks to the revival of virtue ethics during this time, the subject matter of ethics was extended to take account of human character and human life as such. As a result, the domain of moral psychology and of contingent aspects of moral experience started to be explored again. This development in ethics is outlined in the first chapter and the second chapter addresses the impact of this changed understanding of ethics upon our conception of moral judgment and responsibility. I suggest that the concept of responsibility divides in two: responsibility for the agent's (inner) fault and responsibility for the wrongdoing itself. Whereas the remainder of chapter two deals with the former, the rest of the thesis focuses upon the latter i.e. upon responsibility for the wrongdoing and upon two problems which are generated by the intricate bearing of luck and contingency on the concept of responsibility. The first of these problems concerns the relation of the person to her guilt. Guilt arises through a condemnable action for which the...
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The I-Thou relationship of Martin Buber and its radicalization by Emmanuel Levinas
Kroupová, Dana ; Noble, Ivana (advisor) ; Fischer, Ondřej (referee)
In this thesis I explore the relation in Buber's and Levinas's understanding. Both of these Jew philosophers endeavoured to describe an essence of genuine dialogue and both saw in dialogue the word that turns to a Thou, the primal deed of spirit. Nevertheless in spite of these similarities there are also a differences in their understanding of a dynamics within the genuine dialogue. Whereas Buber talks about a reciprocity in such a relation Levinas asserts that there is an asymmetry there and therefore he radicalizes Buber's conception and responsibility towards the other. In the first part of my thesis I focus on important influences on Buber's and Levinas' lives and introduce a "poetics" of their understanding of a genuine dialogue based particularly on their main piece of work: Buber's I and Thou and Levinas's Totality and Infinity. Although there was a communication between these two thinkers according to some philosophers it often exhibited a lack of dialogue and a failure to understand each other. Therefore I outline the similarities and differences in detail in the final chapters. Keywords Buber, Levinas, Rosenzweig, I - Thou relationship, face, reciprocity, asymmetry, responsibility, ethics, infinity
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Accountability of Public and Private Elementary School
Čermáková, Olga ; Voda, Jan (advisor) ; Trojan, Václav (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the school accountability. It explores accountability as a phenomenon that exists but it is not explicitly expressed and systematically integrated into the process of managerial control in Czech school. The work summarizes the gained knowledge and approaches to accountability in Czech and foreign environment and their links with the school management in general. The aim of qualitative research is to contribute to the expansion of scientific knowledge in this area. There are identified external subjects of public and private schools in the case study, their main interests which are subsequently compared. The work is intended for school directors; bringing a more detailed view on demands of external subjects, both public and private schools, offering specific procedures and recommendations to school management, which can be considered as an accountable proceeding to external subjects. KEYWORDS: Accountability, accountable, responsibility, school autonomy, assessment, accountable proceeding, external subjects, school management
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China and the notion of responsibility in the present international society
Mecko, Peter ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Drulák, Petr (referee)
One of the most frequent questions in the study of Chinese foreign policy is whether China can be regarded as a responsible member of international society. It is the aim of the presented thesis to look more closely at China's behaviour in the present international society in terms of responsibility. The thesis utilizes the concept of international society developed by the English school of international relations and interconnects it with the concept of responsibility in international relations to determine a set of criteria which an ordinary state or great power must meet in order to be regarded as responsible in the present international society. In order to determine whether China behaves as a responsible ordinary state or great power on the international level, the thesis utilizes the method of the most likely and the least likely case studies. The analysis of China's behaviour in the World Trade Organization and within the nuclear non-proliferation regime can provide sufficient evidence of China's acceptance of primary institutions forming the backbone of the present international society. The findings have serious implications for thinking of contemporary China as a status quo state respecting institutions and rules of the present international society.
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problem of responsibility and freedom
Rohlenová, Lucie ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
Problem of responsibility and freedom ROHLENOVÁ, LUCIE. Problem of responsibility and freedom. Praha: Faculty of Education, Charles University, 2012, 69 pp. Diploma Thesis. The diploma thesis will devote to the progress of the phenomenon of the liberty in the modern period from Spinoza to Lévinas. The diploma thesis is mainly based on the major publications of philosophers, B. Spinoza, I. Kant, K. Jaspers, J.-P. Sartre, E. Levinas. The thesis focuses in the terms responsibility and liberty which assume different and more profound meaning in their philosophy. Baruch Spinoza connects the liberty with the independence, with the causal independece. The independent thing is the thing which is the source of own action. In this meaning we can say that only God is independent. Immanuel Kant presented the new dimension of the liberty in ethics which extended the solution of the etical philosophy. The person is the being who constructs the moral word from own liberty and accountable to himself or herself and the other people. Emphasis is placed on Karl Jaspers' major publication The Question of German Guilt. The blame is analysed in this publication and it is classified into four aspects-criminal, political, moral and metaphysical blame. Jeana Paul Sartre is the author of the idea that our body and...
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Damage compensation in cross-border cases focused on sport injuries
Stránská, Kateřina ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Kunz, Oto (referee) ; Poláček, Bohumil (referee)
The dissertation deals with the relationship between sport and the law, in conjunction with private international law. For more than a century sport passed through an important period of development. Many sports have been successfully forgotten, some have survived, and many can be included as the new sports with a tradition of several years or decades. Legal theory and legal practice so far took no particular need to take the issue of sports opinion. Sport is an objectively existing category in nature regardless the law. However, questions regularly associated with sports injuries and their resulting consequences emerged. The growing need for legal regulation of sport industry is primarily related to risks that sports bring to their surroundings and also to athletes. In the foreground there is the application of civil law, which affects compensation for damage to health and sports injuries. Clear solution has not been found to this day. The main goal of this thesis is to evaluate the current state winter sports legislation with an emphasis on skiing. The main topic of the dissertation is responsibility for damages in connection with ski injuries. Another objective is a certain attempt to process selected issues of mutual relations between sport and the law with a particular focus on the comparison...
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Social responsibility of an organization according to the Christian social teaching (theological ethical reflection)
Štěpánová, Helena ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Lorman, Jaroslav (referee)
Bibliografická citace Společenská odpovědnost organizace v zrcadle křesťanské sociální nauky (teologicko- etická reflexe): bakalářská práce / Helena Štěpánová; vedoucí práce Libor Ovečka.- - Praha, 2014. - - s. 39 Abstract The Bachelor thesis "Corporate Social Responsibility in the view of Christian Social Teaching (theological-ethical reflection)" first briefly presents Christian social teaching and ethics, their principles, standards and instruments. Then the thesis deals with Christian economic and business ethics as well as its purely economic concepts. The main part of the thesis concerns corporate social responsibility, focusing on its characteristics, forms, instruments and the role of stakeholders. Two concepts of responsibility are scrutinised: the interpretation according to management theory in contrast to Christian social teaching. The thesis' main conclusion is the theological- ethical reflection of corporate responsibility, the stipulation of the differences between the two concepts as well as the reasons for this distinction. Key words Responsibility, Social Responsibility, Christian Social Teaching and Ethics, Business Ethics, Stakeholders 2 Obsah Úvod ………………………………………………………………………… 2 1. Křesťanská sociální nauka - principy, kritéria a nástroje ……… 4 1.1. Biblické východisko křesťanské...
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Competencies of deputy director of kindergarden
Matoušková, Šárka ; Trojan, Václav (advisor) ; Tureckiová, Michaela (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with problems of transfer competencies by the kindergarten director to deputy director. This area fundamentally differs in every school and it is dependent on the capacity of the number of children in the school or on the ability of the director competencies to delegate in the different extent but even on the assumption of the deputy director to fulfill these transferred competencies. The transfer of authority and participations for the school management by the deputy director should be in an everyday part of the life in the kindergarten. In the introductory are basically defined management functions and more detailed views are focused on competencies in the generally concept and their delegation. The middle part is concentrated on competencies as an essentials element in the kindergarten management. The last part of thesis is a questionnaire survey and an overview of recommended competencies to delegate the kindergarten deputy director, in the conclusion is a list of used literature and appendices of the bachelor thesis.
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Issue of rating headmasters
Špringlová, Martina ; Trojan, Václav (advisor) ; Trunda, Jiří (referee)
Final thesis deals with the evaluation of headmasters established by municipalities in the Ústí nad Labem region and Zlín region. The aim of this work is to determine whether school authorities use their legal possibility to carry out regular reviews of headmasters based on existing criteria, and if the ratings do not differ significantly. Selection criteria for the evaluation is subjective founders, but if an assessment is carried out for the benefit of both parties, founders should have the appropriate skills to monitor quality. Another objective of the final thesis is an analysis of education evaluators. The secondary objective is to verify the existence criteria, which the founders used in the bankruptcy proceedings to select a suitable candidate for a senior executive in education. These are the criteria beyond the legal requirements. Introductory chapters in the theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the general rules that apply to the appointment and evaluation of headmasters. The work also defines two types of evaluation in education, stating who the evaluator or evaluation authority. Assessment of learning outcomes is one of the main ways to determine the quality of the outputs of the education system. This is the reason a lot of attention, which she is devoted to both the international...
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