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Specifics of evacuation from workplaces, which uses sources of ionizing radiation in the Hospital Strakonice, a.s
MANOVÁ, Šárka
The theoretical part of the diploma thesis consists of three main chapters, which are closely related to the chosen topic. First, the theoretical part of the thesis introduces the concepts of crisis management. The basic concepts of crisis management and crisis management authorities are described here. Followed by a description of the crisis management system in health care and crisis preparedness of health care. Also provide information of emergency preparedness, including important documents such as the regional emergency plan, internal and external emergency plans, as well as emergency procedures. The next part of the work concerns mainly the evacuation and clarification of the necessary information related to the concept. The chapter mentions the types of evacuation, how the evacuation takes place and especially the specific evacuation, which takes place, for example, in a medical facility. Subsequently, the work describes information related to sources of ionizing radiation. This part also includes the types of sources of ionizing radiation that can be found at the workplace of radiodiagnostics and at the workplace of nuclear medicine. Follows the part concerning, the security of the radionuclide source, the principles of radiation protection, methods of radiation protection, but also the effects of ionizing radiation and others. Two goals and two research questions were set in the practical part of the diploma thesis. The first goal of the diploma thesis is to determine the readiness of the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiodiagnostics in the Hospital Strakonice a.s. for an emergency. The results show that both departments are prepared for an emergency, based on an examination of the documentation and a questionnaire survey conducted with staff in both departments, but at the same time the preparedness of staff is not sufficiently practiced. The second goal was to propose measures to improve the current situation, using SWOT analysis and the results of a questionnaire survey. The diploma thesis could be used as a study material and also as an overview of improving measures. In the future, the work can be used to compare the issue in other hospital facilities.
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The readiness of chosen kindergartens in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant
HÁJKOVÁ, Lucie
The thesis is based on the assessment of the readiness of staff in selected kindergartens in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. Kindergartens associate a large number of young children who are dependent on the help of adults. Even in the event of a radiation accident, children will not be able to take care of themselves and will clearly be dependent on the help of teachers. For this reason the readiness of staff of this type of school facility in the emergency planning zone should not be underestimated. The aim of the thesis was to analyze the knowledge of staff in selected kindergartens (Dříteň, Zliv, Albrechtice nad Vltavou, Neznašov) in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. For this purpose was established a hypothesis: "The knowledge of the staff of selected kindergartens in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant will be higher than 60 %." To achieve the set goal and to verify the hypothesis a questionnaire survey was conducted using a developed questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 19 questions, and total 55 respondents took part in the questionnaire. Then were the results evaluated using methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The hypothesis was confirmed that the knowledge of the staff of selected kindergartens is higher than 60 %. The arithmetic average of staff knowledge in selected kindergartens in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant was 61.47 %. I consider the current state of knowledge of staff in selected kindergartens to be sufficient, but the results showed insufficient knowledge in the areas of improvised body protection and iodine prophylaxis.
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The role of the radiographer in stomatology
STEINEROVÁ, Karolína
This bachelor's thesis focuses on radiological imaging methods and their use in dentistry. Radiological devices have been developing rapidly recently and have become a common part of dental outmous clinics. They are used not only in the field of dental and surgical dentistry, but also in aesthetic dental treatments. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The aim is to map the advantages and disadvantages of each type of device and theri suitability of their use in dentistry. The theoretical part deals with basic anatomical concepts of the orofacial field, an overview of radiological diagnostic devices, their use in the field of dentistry and specially aesthetic dentistry, and the associated radiation protection of workers and patients. Furthermore, it focuses on the basic aesthetic anomalies of the teeth and their treatment, which usually precedes the imaging of the target area. The second part of the thesis was compiled on the basis of a questionnaire survey conducted. Two questionnaires were created concerning the use of imaging methods in the aesthetic repair of teeth, the equipment of dental workplaces and access to patients from the point of view of imaging and radiation protection from the point of view of patients and dentists. The aim was to answer research questions about the use of radiology in aesthetic dentistry and the level of information patients receive about their radiological examinations. According to research, the largest representation is the intraoral type of imaging, namely bitewing image, which is suitable for basic diagnosis of dental anomalies as well as changes in the structure of the tooth. This method is easy, fast and practically without any extra burden put on the patient. The most commonly performed aesthetic procedure turned out to be treatment with orthodontic apparatus, in which imaging of the original position of the teeth is necessary. The least used method in the field of dentistry is magnetic resonance imaging, due to the availability and creation of artifacts in images from dental metal fillings. Research shows that patients are not properly informed about the course, necessity or consequences of radiological examination. Although the dose of ionizing radiation is negligible in dental imaging examinations, the doctor should prevent and inform the patient of the patient's concerns. More than half of respondents consider X-rays to be health-burdensome.
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Modern methods of visualization and interpretation of radiation quantities measured by a drone.
ŘEZÁČ, Miroslav
The bachelor thesis focuses on modern methods of visualization and interpretation of radiation quantities measured by a drone. It mainly deals with the measurement of radiation quantities using a drone, their subsequent correct interpretation and subsequent appropriate visualization. In the theoretical part, I conducted a literature search on the state of measurement of radiation quantities in our country and in the world. In the next part, I performed an analysis of the literature in the field of radiation protection with a focus on monitoring radiation quantities using a drone. Here I describe the basic radiation quantities and various possibilities of the interaction of radiation with matter. Furthermore, various types of detectors and detection devices that I used for measurement. At the end of the theoretical part, I focused on drones. It describes basic information about drones, their history, aviation regulations needed for their use. I also described a drone and a system that was used to measure radiation quantities. In the practical part I focus on the experiment with a point emitter, where I apply the knowledge from the theoretical part. I also describe walk-through measurement and measurement of radiation quantities using a drone. The next chapter focused on the interpretation of data and the use of various methods. In the last chapter I describe the possibilities of visualization of measured data, the use of the QGIS program for visualization in map data and other possibilities of data visualization with other tools. In the end, I focused on the overall evaluation of the results examined in the bachelor's thesis and their subsequent application in other measurements.
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Radiation emergencies with radiological impacts in the Czech Republic
VAZAČ, Daniel
Ionizing radiation is currently being used in many fields (radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, accelerators, flaw detectors, industry). In particular, open radionuclide sources are used in nuclear medicine departments, radiotherapy workplaces and, in industrial applications, it is usually closed radionuclide sources or so-called. Radiation generators, the main component of which is the X-ray. Of course, there is a certain risk of developing accident exposure situations. These situations are preceded by a system of radiation protection and emergency preparedness. Most of these measures can be found in the workplace internal emergency Plan document. The theoretical part of the thesis provides basic information about radioactivity and sources of ionizing radiation. In addition, the radiation protection system, the biological effects of ionizing radiation, the quantities used in radiation protection, the medical application of the IZ and the use of it in the industry are described in the work. The text of the research question is as follows: "which workplaces with sources of ionizing radiation in the Czech Republic have the greatest potential for the occurrence of an accident exposure situation with radiological implications? As a research methodology, the collection of information from professional publications with this theme was chosen. In addition, there were consultations with radiological physics at the Department of Nuclear Medicine and radiotherapy in České Budějovice Hospital, A.S. and with the inspectors of the SÚJB, where the resulting radiological incidents are reported. The work also includes a comparison of the system of radiation protection and emergency preparedness on the different types of workplaces. The practical part describes the types of workplaces that I have compared with each other. In particular, I have focused on the workplace using IZ in industry and medicine, i.e. deftoscopical workplace and Nuclear medicine workplace. The work provides an overview of the potential and occurrence of the radiative emergencies and the circumstances in which they were recorded. The aim of the work was to compare workplaces with sources of ionizing radiation and to sort them according to the possibility of radiation emergencies. A simple analysis found a more likely occurrence of a radiation incident at the workplace of industrial radiography versus a nuclear medicine site.
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Processing of dosimetric data of radiation workers and development of devices used by these workers.
ŽILINČÍK, Jakub
The bachelor thesis is focused on the analysis and evaluation of dosimetric data of radiation workers, whose personal doses are recorded in the Register of Professional Irradiation of the State Office for Nuclear Safety and ionizing radiation sources used in industry and healthcare. These data are drawn from the Register of Resources of the State Office for Nuclear Safety and data on resources used in healthcare from the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic. Based on the analyzed data, I compiled an overview of individual occupational groups, their dosimetric data and development over time. I applied the same procedure with data on sources of ionizing radiation obtained from the Register of Sources of the State Office for Nuclear Safety and the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic. To answer the research question, an analysis of the obtained outputs was performed, which were processed into graphs and then compared with each other over time. Based on the evaluation of the obtained data, it can be stated that the working group with the highest personal doses can include interventional radiologists and cardiologists, workers performing defectoscopy, logging and workers in the uranium industry. The development of doses of these radiation workers is described in detail in chapter 4.1. Furthermore, it can be stated that in the field of healthcare, an increasing number of all sources is observable, except for mammographic devices, the number of which has a slightly decreasing trend. Data on industry resources and other more detailed analyzes are provided in Chapter 4.2.
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Emergency and current exposure situation in residential areas of Fukushima prefecture - aspects of communication of low dose risks
ŠÁROVÁ, Romana
The diploma thesis examines the post-accident and current exposure situations in residential areas of the Fukushima prefecture and discusses certain aspects on communication concerning the risks of low doses. The evaluation was based on research and collection of information and data from printed and electronic resources. The results show the sequence of steps carried out by the Fukushima prefecture and IAEA and the degree to which they were successful. The aim of the diploma thesis is to offer a clear comparison of the monitoring of the post-accident situation in specific areas of the Fukushima prefecture and the situation achieved after a comprehensive decontamination and remediation of the environment. We compared the measured values of the current radiation situation at the Fukushima prefecture with values in the Czech Republic, available thanks to the MONRAS application. The thesis also examines how the authorities communicated with the people of Fukushima before the evacuation and in the period after the evacuation when the habitable part was decontaminated and the government sought (and still seeks) to return people to these areas. I also explored the approach to the optimisation of radiation protection in Fukushima, how this principle can be interpreted in the Czech Republic and how to contribute to sufficient awareness of the population in terms of a general understanding of the limits and optimisation of radiation protection in case of a nuclear accident. For this purpose, an informational brochure was created using the Canva Pro online tool. This brochure represents the practical output of the diploma thesis. The decontamination efforts can be considered successful, given that the measured content of caesium in the environment has been radically lowered; one negative consequence was the creation of a large amount of radioactive waste. The air dose rate is comparable to general global background radiation. The residents therefore don't need to be afraid to return to their homes.
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Solving ethical issues in radiation protection from the perspective of specialists in non-medical fields
LOTTEROVÁ, Zuzana
The aim of this work is to map the current state of the issue of the position of ethics in radiation protection and to conduct research on solving ethical issues in radiation protection from the perspective of experts in non-medical fields, who were elected radiological assistants for this work. This Diploma thesis is devided into 3 parts, theoretical, practical part and discussion. The beginning of ionosing radiation usage in medical field as well as the present of this are briefly described in the theoratical part of this thesis. There are also described biological effects of the radiation on human organism. There is also described the anchoring of the radiation protection system in the legislation of the Czech Republic and introduced the most important authorities and organizations in the radiation protection field. The theoretical part of this thesis describes the goal and principles of radiation protection and exposure situations as well. Last but not least, the role of ethics in the radiation protection system, basic and procedural ethical values are described. In the practical part, the research itself is processed and evaluated in quantitative form by a questionnaire survey using a combination of closed and open questions. The respondents of this research are exclusively radiological assistants working in three departments of three large hospitals in Prague. A comparison of the results of the research itself with my own answers is also included. It is found that the position of ethics in the system of radiation protection is clearly given. It is also proven that radiological assistants encounter ethical dilemmas concerning radiation protection in practice, as well as situations where some principles of radiation protection are directly violated. Furthermore, the most common factors that negatively affect respondents in the performance of the profession are identified. A brief summary of the research results is made in the discussion. It follows a similar study conducted among members of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Furthermore, the discussion includes some interesting situations from the questionnaire survey and several suggestions for improvement and/or change of the current situation of the researched issues in practice. The scientific contribution of this work is to identify specific ethical dilemmas that are addressed in current practice and how to solve them, as well as the identification of negative factors influencing respondents and the definition of situations that occur in practice where the principles of radiation protection are violated. Everything is examined in a relatively narrow circle of respondents.
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The Radiation load of the Nuclear Medicine staff before and after the PET/CT installation in České Budějovice
TURKOVÁ, Aneta
The thesis deals with the radiation load on the staff at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in České Budějovice Hospital Plc. Its aim is to compare the radiation load on the staff of the Department of Nuclear Medicine of České Budějovice Hospital Plc before and after the installation of PET/CT gadget. My thesis includes a hypothesis in which I suppose that the radiation load of radiation has risen after the installation of the new gadget. To meet the target and verify the hypothesis I used the data which have been provided by the Department of Nuclear Medicine of České Budějovice Hospital Plc. I put the data into charts and made their graphic design. The data show that the overall radiation load on the staff has decreased thanks to the increased protection against radiation. New protection aids and gadgets have been bought to make the application of radiopharmaceuticals easier. The result of my thesis disproves the hypothesis set before the beginning of my thesis. My thesis has provided the staff of the Department of Nuclear Medicine of České Budějovice Hospital Plc with an overview of collective dosage within six years, which I recorded. By the disproof of my original hypothesis it has been acknowledged that the Hospital and the Department of Nuclear Medicine secured its staff and started to pay more attention to the protection against radiation.
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Monitorování radioaktivity a vybraných veličin a přenos na CLOUD
CIMR, Vratislav
The bachelor's thesis deals with the design and construction of a device that is designed to measure the quantity of radioactivity - the ambient dose rate equivalent at a tissue depth of 10 mm and other selected quantities. It then sends these quantities to CLOUD, which allows them to be clearly displayed. The work describes the design of the device, its construction, programming and testing.
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