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Utilization of bees products in cosmetics
Kobza, Martin ; Bednář, Michal (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the problem of utilization of bees products in cosmetics. The aim of this thesis was to elaborate a literature review focused on individual bee products, their properties and their utilization in cosmetics. Honey, beeswax, propolis, pollen, royal jelly, apisin are said to be the bee products. Properties, utilization, determination of kvalitative properties and aplication into cosmetic products of individual bee products are mentioned in this thesis. Beeswax is used in production of lipsticks, creams and for basis of smears (oily creams). Royal jelly is aplicated into lotions, face masks, lipsticks, night creams, hair waters, hydration preparations etc. Honey is used for preparation of shower gels, soaps, body milks, hydration creams. Propolis is added into creams, body milks, body lotions, shampoos, lipsticks, soaps and mouth sprays. Pollen has significant content of vitamins, aminoacids and other substances in nature form for cosmetics. These substances are important for nutrition, regeneration and hydration of skin. Apisin is used in pharmacologic preparations, like healing creams and smears.
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The application of pollen as bioindicator of the environmental state
Marečková, Kateřina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Pesticides and their excessive use lead to environmental pollution. Violation of the guidelines for their use disposal of empty containers could lead to contamination of water, soil and poisoning of animals and beneficial insects. Honey bee is useful creature on our planet. Good farming depends entirely on the pollination, but whole vegetal kingdom couldn’t exist it form known and used by mankind. Therefore, rules that protect these useful creatures against inadequate use of pesticides have been developed. This study focuses on the evaluation of the possibility to use bee products as bioindicators of the state of environment. Five active substances which are components of pesticides used in the treatment of agricultural field around Tasovice village were analysed in the pollen and honey. For sample preparation QuEChERS and SPE methods were used, gas chromatography with to mass spectrometric detection was employed as final analytical technique.
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The use of modern analogies in the interpretation of paleoecological and archaeobotanical results
Bortelová, Nina ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Abraham, Vojtěch (referee)
Standing on the uniformitarian principle, quaternary palaeoecology strives to match fossil proxy data assemblages with their vegetation equivalents in order to understand spatiotemporal ecosystem dynamics. Finding such an equivalent in today's world - a modern analogy of an analyzed fossil sample (or a fossil analogy of a known modern sample, respectively), may represent a highly welcomed helping hand with proxy data interpretation. Nevertheless, one might be skeptical to which extent we can rely on such assumptions in rather specific contemporary state of nature, reflecting f.e. increased CO2 levels, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, habitat fragmentation, or traditional management abandonment. The thesis discusses advantages, difficulties, and some examples of using analogs in quaternary palaeoecology with emphasis on charcoal and pollen analysis since these are the most used in the study of vegetation dynamics over long time scales. It aims to understand and summarize the extent to which modern analogs are helpful with sharpening focus on past landscapes and processes, that formed them into today's state. Keywords: modern analogs, vegetation reconstructions, palynology, anthracology, charcoal, pollen, quaternary palaeoecology
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Role of TCTP1 in plant reproduction
Pitoňak, Oliver ; Hafidh, Said (advisor) ; Lafon Placette, Clément (referee)
TCTP is a conserved eukaryotic protein involved in regulation of multiple cellular processes, such as translation, cell cycle and cell death. Apart from its intracellular functions, TCTP is secreted and participates in human immune response. Dimerization via a terminal cysteine residue is critical for its extracellular function. Multiple sequence alignment of eukaryotic TCTPs revealed that terminal cysteine residue is conserved not only in animals but also in green plant lineage. In contrast to animal model organisms, knowledge about TCTP in plants is limited. Arabidopsis thaliana genome harbors two TCTP paralogs, TCTP1 and TCTP2. TCTP1 expression is highly upregulated in pollen. Previously published studies pointed to its role in embryo development, pollen tube growth and targeting. Using mutant characterization and analysis of subcellular localization, the role of TCTP1 in plant reproduction was investigated in this thesis. Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana TCTP1 protein was produced along with its potential interacting partners BRL2 and TTL3 in heterologous Escherichia coli system. tctp-1 T- DNA line characterization pointed to TCTP1 role in pollen tube growth. It was expressed in mature pollen and pollen tube under native promoter and localized to the cytoplasm. Recombinant AtTCTP1 formed dimers...
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Relationship between pollen diversity and floristic diversity - utilization for study of the past
Koďousková, Lucie ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Prach, Jindřich (referee)
This thesis deals with the relationship between palynological diversity and floristic diversity. Diversity is complex quantity, which consists of a number of species, the number of individuals and relative frequency of species known as evenness. It characterizes the diversity at the species level, genetic level or within communities. Its relationship with palynological diversity is problematic, especially because of lack of taxonomic precision in palynology, species-specific differences in pollen production and dispersal and sample size, since the number of taxa increases with sample size. The thesis also focuses on the studies which tried to prove positive correlation between palynological and floristic diversity, including techniques used. The second part describes methodology of collecting vegetational and palynological data and the treatment of sampes.
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Pollens of Selected Alergenic Plants and their Didactic Use in Teaching Biology at High Schools
Pýchová, Adéla ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
In my thesis I deal with the pollen of allergenic plants, the origin and proces of allergy to plant pollen and the inclusion of these topics in the teaching of plant biology in high schools. In the theoretical part I focus on topic of pollen allergy. First, I generally describe allergy and its origin, causes of allergic diseases, environmental factors and the development of allergic disease. I also briefly address the naming and registration of allergens and I also mention the so-called cross-allergy. Great emphasis is placed on pollen allergy, which is devoted to a larger unit, divided into individual subchapters dealing with the physiological function of the nose, followed by an allergic reaction of type I, an allergic reaction that occurs on the nasal mucosa. Furthermore, subchapters mentioning the classification of allergic rhinitis, diagnosis and pharmacotherapy, including additions to the drug groups used in the treatment of pollen allergy. Another larger unit is devoted to the structure of the plant's blossom as a source of allergen, which includes the anatomy of the blossom parts and a description of the pollen grain. The anatomical description of the blossom is followed by a practical part, first created by a tabular overview with selected allergenic plants. Each plant causing the allergy...
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Functional characterization of Alba-family genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Kočová, Helena ; Honys, David (advisor) ; Fischer, Lukáš (referee)
(anglicky) Alba-family proteins were identified in Archaea and Eucarya and are classified among the oldest and the most conserved nucleic acid-binding proteins. The binding preferences and roles differ among certain evolution clades. In Crenarchaea they represent chromatin-binding proteins, while their role in RNA metabolism is suggested in Euryarchaea and Eukaryotes. ALBA proteins are well characterized in human, where they play a role in the RNAse P/MRP complex and in unicellular parasites, such as Plasmodium and Trypanosoma, where an involvement in the life cycle regulation is confirmed. In plants, their role is not yet well understood. The aim of this thesis is to increase a knowledge about the Alba-family proteins in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Based on a minimal changes to development and reproduction in single mutants and high sequence similarity, a functional redundancy of the proteins was assumed. For better understanding of the ALBA proteins function, three smaller members of the family were edited by the same metod. The obtained triple mutant showed delay in flowering. ALBA dimer formation was confirmed in many organisms. BiFC method was used to determine Arabidopsis ALBA homodimerization. The data analysis showed potential homodimerization in most of them.
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Studying dimer formation and effectors of Arabidopsis thaliana nascent polypeptide-associated complex
Klodová, Božena ; Fíla, Jan (advisor) ; Robert Boisivon, Helene (referee)
The development of plant flowers represents a complex process controlled by numerous mechanisms. The creation of double homozygous mutant of both β subunits (sometimes also referred to as basic transcription factor 3) of nascent polypeptide associated complex in Arabidopsis thaliana (further referred to as nacβ1 nacβ2) caused quite a strong defective phenotype including abnormal number of flower organs, shorter siliques with a reduced seed set, and inferior pollen germination rate together with a lower ovule targeting efficiency. Previously, NAC complex was described to be formed as a heterodimer composed of an α- and β-subunit, which binds ribosome and acts as a chaperone in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In plants, NACβ is connected to stress tolerance and to plant development as a transcription regulator. However, little is known of NAC heterodimer function in plants. In this thesis, yeast two hybrid system (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays were used to verify the NAC heterodimer formation in A. thaliana and to establish any potential interaction preferences between both NACβ paralogues and five NACα paralogues. To deepen the understanding about molecular mechanisms behind the nacβ1 nacβ2 phenotype, flower bud transcriptome of the nacβ1 nacβ2 double homozygous mutants...
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Pollens of Selected Alergenic Plants and Their Didactic Use in Teaching Biology at High Schools
Pýchová, Adéla ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
7 Abstract The thesis is focused on the pollen of selected allergenic plants. Thesis is structured into two parts., pollination and fertilization , development of the pollen grain , its structure and chemical composition. The end of the theoretical part, dedicated to allergies, is divided into subsections dealing with First, teoretical part describes the flower and its morphology, discusses the pollen grain, stamen anatomical structure immunity and allergies, naming and registration of allergens and cross- pollen allergy . The practical part contains an analysis of curriculum for students of secondary schools. An integral part of the work is a survey of teachers in secondary schools, in which method of questioning was used. The aim of this questioning was to determine the presence of solved issue in terms of representation of pollen and pollen allergens in textbooks for secondary schools , as well as the inclusion of this issue in the official curriculum, under the National Programme for the Development of Education in the Czech Republic. Based on the results of a questionnaire survey of secondary school teachers, teaching materials have been developed in the form of two worksheets for teaching botany and guidance on laboratory exercises in plant biology.
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