National Repository of Grey Literature 33 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Plato and Aristotle on the Functions of the State
Blecharž, Samuel ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This thesis is a critical examination in a comparative perspective between Plato and Aristotle, paying special emphasis about functions of a state between those two authors deriving knowledge from their own literature as well as other contemporary authors nowadays. This thesis natural goal is to provide its readers a comprehensive idea about a craddle of democracy in Athens that shaped western political thought paying special attention between those two authors and their ideas about proper functions of a state. Then I provide my valuable insights about the topic, considering similarities, differences and my opinion. The Athenian state, as it existed in ancient Athens, was one of the earliest and most influential examples of democracy in the history of Western civilization. The functions of the Athenian state can be understood through various institutions and mechanisms that governed different aspects of society and governance It is important to note that while Athens was a democracy, it was not a modern representative democracy. The functions of the state were largely carried out by a small subset of the population-free male citizens. Women, slaves, and non-citizens had limited or no political rights or participation in the Athenian state. Additionally, Athens was just one city-state in ancient...
Berlin's Positive Freedom in T. H. Green's Thought
Hulvertová, Anna ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na dva politické filozofy, kteří významným způsobem rozvinuli koncept pozitivní svobody. Isaiah Berlin je asi nejznámějším autorem rozdělujícím svobodu na pozitivní a negativní. T. H. Green, i když v dnešní době, a hlavně českém prostředí tolik známý není, byl ve své době považován za transformátora celého liberálního směru a myšlení o svobodě právě díky interpretaci pozitivní svobody. V této práci se proto snažím zjistit, zda pozitivní svoboda definovaná I. Berlinem odpovídá tomu, jak o ni ve svých dílech hovořil T. H. Green. Pozitivní svoboda je velice významný koncept v politické filozofii, stejně tak mají svůj zásadní význam oba autoři. Jejich komparace proto přináší na koncept pozitivní svobody nový pohled. Detailnější analýza jednotlivých autorů a následná komparace jejich myšlení o pozitivní svobodě ukazuje na výrazné odlišnosti mezi jejich pojetím pozitivní svobody, a tím pádem i na existenci možnosti odlišného uchopení tohoto pojmu, než je pouze obecně nejvíce známá Berlinova definice.
Contemporary visions of Kant´s political philosophy
MILICIC, Nenad
The research will start as an overview of the ideas from Kants theoretical and practical elements of transcendental idealism and continue with his philosophy of law insights. It will encompass the analysis of the Critique of Pure Reason for the section on Kants theoretical philosophy, Critique of Practical Reason and Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals for the section on Kants moral philosophy and the first part of the Metaphysics of Morals called the Doctrine of Right regarding Kants philosophy of law, alongside with the secondary literature sources. Furthermore, the thesis will aim to examine Kants essays published continuously in the Berliner Monatsschrift journal in the last two decades of the eighteenth century.
Oligarchy as a Political Regime in Aristotle and in Contemporary Politics
Novozhilov, Veniamin Igorevich ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The author of this thesis will analyze the idea of oligarchy and how it changed throughout the years, starting from the times of Aristotle, one of the first political philosophers who dedicated his time and research the topic, to contemporary definition of oligarchy as it is viewed by modern political thinkers. This thesis will also look at whether the country of the Russian Federation would fall under the category of an oligarchy, this is relevant as this country has been labeled with the term oligarchy more than others in contemporary society.
Taming Human Nature: A Comparative Study of the Political Philosophies of Xunzi and Thomas Hobbes
Gu, Fengdeng ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Throughout history, many philosophers have considered the topic of human nature. Their exploration of this topic not only means that human beings'cognition has changed from exploring the natural world to reflecting on their own existence, but also that it provides new basis for our choice of political beliefs and doctrines. Almost all political systems are based on some human nature theories. Many of these theories involve a debate between good or evil aspect of our nature, which philosophers have focused on since ancient times. Xun Kuang (Xunzi) and Thomas Hobbes are two famous thinkers who argued that human nature is originally evil. Both of them hoped to create an effective social order, eliminate interpersonal tension, and rely on their own methods to achieve their political ideals. Xunzi believed that sage king's propriety could transform evil human nature, thereby ending chaotic political division and conflict, ultimately achieving unification and harmony. Hobbes believed that human beings are naturally selfish, brutal, and aggressive. In his book Leviathan where he believed that human peace and security can be truly realized only when a social contract is used among people to form a powerful state. My thesis will start with theories of human nature to compare Xunzi's and Hobbes' models for...
On the Method's Disappearance: Analysis between philosophies of social contract and classical sociologies. A Study in Epistemology
Maršálek, Jan ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee) ; Karsenti, Bruno (referee)
The Method and its Disappearance: Analysis between philosophies of social contract and classical sociologies. A Study in Epistemology Jan Maršálek Université de Franche-Comté/Charles University in Prague Supervisors: prof. Frédéric Brahami, prof. Miloslav Petrusek (†), dr. Jan Balon. Résumé: In a doubly disloyal continuity with regard to the French epistemological tradition, largely preoccupied with the formation of scientific concepts, the present work addresses the phenomenon of disappearance of 'analytical' method. Nevertheless, the present work does not constitute an historical investigation: its very goal is to show (within the works of T. Hobbes, J.-J. Rousseau, H. Spencer and E. Durkheim) the variation of the epistemological status of the analysis, and thus to set up the concept of an 'epistemological event'. Examining the disappearance of the analysis requires its identification in the theoretical work whereby its leverage remains unacknowledged. Thus, having the status of a method in the philosophies of the social contract of Hobbes and Rousseau, the analysis 'continues' to structure, in a tacit way, the work of Spencer and Durkheim, both of them founders of scientific sociology. Is it possible to claim that, in the 19th century, the analysis manifests itself in the sociology's common recourse to...
Polis between Plato's and Aristotle's philosofy
Nikl, Lukáš ; Milko, Pavel (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
In my work I tried to expain the determinations and methods of the main filosophical thoughts of Plato and Aristotle. Both of them lived in hard times of ancient Greece, in different crisis of polis, and that had signifiantly influenced their thinking, their lives, their work. Although the times has changed, between their appearance and the methods of thinking also. Of course we can find a mythical core in both philosophies, but the diference between Platoʼs round embrace of universe with using the combination of methods of thinking of those times on the one side, and the Aristotleʼs scientific methods based in his specific methaphysics, is significant for the changes, which appeared. Both of them tries to reform the political, social, and onthological thinking. But each of them are trying to change different one. Plato the thinking in the centre of polis suffering under the crisis of elites, and Aristotle the polis during the Makedonian invasion. Of course we can not use their models of thinking in contempomparary philosophy as such, but we can find various contemporary themes in which the knowledge of their thinking would be useful.
Inverted Totalitarianism
Petr, Ondřej ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
This Master's thesis reflects the theory of American political philosopher S. Wolin. The work introduces the reader to interpretations of S. Wolin's term inverted totalitarianism and confronts it with the common and mainstream approaches to totalitarianism. It is concerned about S. Wolin's reflection on contemporary western liberal democracy as managed democracy. The text pays attention to work of G. Agamben who takes a similar critique on the form of Euro-Atlantic democracy; for instance the thesis deals with his view of state of exception in which the author sees connections on inverted totalitarianism. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
The Political Philosophy of Anarchism in Practice
Gavriněv, Vojtěch ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
The anarchist movement in Spain is the best known attempt to establish a regime based upon the anarchist theory of individual freedom and mutuality. As it is hard to say whether the attempt was successful or not, this study focuses on particular institutions such as unions, cooperative farms, militias and local administrations and examines the rate of anarchist principles in their real functioning. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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