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Study of plasma activated water influence on soil microorganisms
Lungová, Tereza ; Šimečková,, Jana (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the effects of plasma activated water on microorganisms found in the brown earth sample. The theoretical part is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the analysis of soil and microorganisms living in it. The second part deals with the general properties of plasma and the formation of plasma-activated water. In the experimental part of this work, plasma-activated water was applied to the leachate of soil microorganisms and also directly to a selected soil sample in various concentrations. Subsequently the effect on the viability of soil microorganisms and the composition of soil microorganisms was observed. Based on the results from the practical part, it was found that plasma-activated water has no significant positive or negative effect on soil microorganisms. For this reason, it will be necessary to focus on specific types of microorganisms in further research.
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Vliv druhově bohatých meziplodin na půdu
Žák, Oldřich
Sufficient organic matter in the soil is necessary to maintain soil fertility. Numerous studies show that using cover crop mixtures can better prevent erosion, increase yields of the main crop, reduce pesticides and herbicides, reduce fertiliser, reduce diseases and pests, ultimately prevent nitrogen leaching and improve the overall impact of farming on biodiversity. Our experiment suggests that the impact of species-rich cover crops could be positive if proper management is followed.
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The Influence of Biochar Application on the Microbiological Characteristics of Soil
Štorková, Natálie ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the effect of Pflazenkohle biochar application into the soil and its corresponding microbial characteristics. Along with microbial characteristics (microbial functional diversity, microbial and enzymatic activity), the effect of biochar on soil physicochemical properties (pH, organic matter content, organic C and N content) and plant growth (height, above and below ground dry weight) was also assessed in this thesis. Two types of soils with low organic matter content (sandy arid soils and arenaceous chernozem) were used for the experiments. These soils were obtained after two years of cultivation with biochar at application doses 0 and 20 g-kg-1, maize (Zea mays) was selected as the model plant. The results of the cultivation experiment showed that Pflanzenkohle biochar has the potential to affect soil microbial properties, soil physicochemical properties and also plant growth, but its detectable effects on microbial characteristics of soil were limited. This was probably caused by the inappropriate biochar application form and also by the selection of soil type used for cultivation experiment. To be able to further study the effect of biochar on the soil microbial properties we considered, it would be necessary to modify the setting of cultivation experiments in the way to pronounce the statistically significant differences.
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Rozdílné mikrobiální aktivity v rhizosféře trav Festuca ovina a Calamagrostis epigejos
Filipová, Lenka
The diploma thesis "Different microbial activity in the rhizosphere of grasses Festuca ovina and Calamagrostis epigejos" deals with the issue of climate change and eutrophication and their impact on the stability of rare habitats, specifically dry acidophilous grasslands in the Podyjí national park. The aim of the thesis is to study and collect the available sources about the issue of the interaction of soil microorganisms and plant roots in exceptional and protected dry grassland ecosystems, which are colonized by aggressive expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos, thereby compromising their integrity and stability. This issue is still not fully understood. Review of literature in the thesis describes the explanation of the most significant part of the issue - the nutrient cycling in ecosystems, C: N ratio, the role of microorganisms in the soil, and the importance of microbial processes in the rhizosphere and in grassland ecosystems generally. In the experimental part the hypothesis - that drought stress and eutrophication causes changes in the plant - microorganisms - soil system, which result in destabilization of the system, by an increase in leakage of nitrate and ammonium ions from the soil, and in changes in the quantity and quality of underground and aboveground biomass of Festuca ovina -- was confirmed.
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The effect of selected pharmaceuticals on growth, biomass and activity of soil microorganisms
JIŘÍK, František
Pharmaceutical pollution in surface water and soil is an ecological problem that can have serious consequences on the environment and even on human society in the future. Although the presence and behavior of pharmaceuticals in surface water and soil have been already described, there is still missing knowledge about the influence of these drugs on the microorganisms that inhabit the soil environment. The thesis was focused on changes in the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in agricultural soil under treatment with pharmaceutical irbesartan.
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Vulnerability of organic matter in permafrost-affected soils and potential greenhouse gas emissions
DIÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
Degradability of soil organic carbon and potential greenhouse gas emissions were studied in permafrost-affected soils. Special attention was paid to cryoturbated horizons in upland tundra and cryogenic bare ground features exposing deep peat layers on a surface of permafrost peatland. The presented studies aimed to identify driving factors influencing degradability of organic carbon in arctic soils and the effects of temperature, oxygen availability and addition of plant-derived organic compounds were targeted by several laboratory incubation experiments. Role of nitrogen availability in C cycling and GHGs production was further investigated in combination of field measurements and laboratory experiments.
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The relation between microbial diversity and biodegradation of organic pollutants in soils
Adámek, Michael ; Svobodová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Matyska Lišková, Petra (referee)
This work sums up the knowledge of the currently studied microorganisms capable of degradation of organic compounds contaminating soil and of the impact of biodiversity on biodegradation efficiency. As documented in many studies effective soil remediation can be achieved by mixed-species consortia isolated from polluted soils. However, use of these cultures for bioaugumentation requires further research on their influence on the biodiversity of autochthonic soil microflora. Though bioaugumentation provably affects bioremediation effectivity no ideal carrier for microbes has been found yet that would provide survival of the introduced organisms in the competitive soil environment. Next, selection of suitable bioaugumentation agents should be based on previous analyses of autochthonic microbes in the targeted contaminated soils. Further, this work shows that the presence of key species might be more important for the biodegradation efficiency than biodiversity of soil microflora. Biodiversity is more related to the functionality of soil ecosystems which can be affected by the presence of contaminants leading to positive selection of taxa capable of pollutant degradation. However, there are just a few studies on the relationship between biodiversity and degradation of pollutants. Its further research...
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Study of plasma activated water influence on soil microorganisms
Lungová, Tereza ; Šimečková,, Jana (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the effects of plasma activated water on microorganisms found in the brown earth sample. The theoretical part is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the analysis of soil and microorganisms living in it. The second part deals with the general properties of plasma and the formation of plasma-activated water. In the experimental part of this work, plasma-activated water was applied to the leachate of soil microorganisms and also directly to a selected soil sample in various concentrations. Subsequently the effect on the viability of soil microorganisms and the composition of soil microorganisms was observed. Based on the results from the practical part, it was found that plasma-activated water has no significant positive or negative effect on soil microorganisms. For this reason, it will be necessary to focus on specific types of microorganisms in further research.
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Production and use of specialized substrates and organic fertilizers in agriculture: Methodology for practice
Šimon, Tomáš ; Usťak, Sergej ; Váňa, Vojtěch
The aim of the methodology is to provide to farmers, agricultural advisors, gardeners, producers and users of organic fertilizers and cultivation substrates, research workers and agricultural educators and all other interested parties, the basic information on the possibilities to use specialized substrates and organic fertilizers in agriculture. Its application in practice can ensure environmentally acceptable and economically efficient fertilization of agricultural crops. In the introduction, the methodology provides a basic overview of literary information about the concerned issue. Furthermore, the methodology describes the results obtained during the research project, which can be used in practice and provides agrochemical, agronomic and economic assessment. Part of the methodology is the assessment of agrochemical efficiency of fertilizer application at the cultivation of selected agricultural crops. There are described application methods and effects on soil and plants. Finally, it provides a summary of the results achieved and general recommendations for practice.
Fulltext:  PDF
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The relation between microbial diversity and biodegradation of organic pollutants in soils
Adámek, Michael ; Svobodová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Matyska Lišková, Petra (referee)
This work sums up the knowledge of the currently studied microorganisms capable of degradation of organic compounds contaminating soil and of the impact of biodiversity on biodegradation efficiency. As documented in many studies effective soil remediation can be achieved by mixed-species consortia isolated from polluted soils. However, use of these cultures for bioaugumentation requires further research on their influence on the biodiversity of autochthonic soil microflora. Though bioaugumentation provably affects bioremediation effectivity no ideal carrier for microbes has been found yet that would provide survival of the introduced organisms in the competitive soil environment. Next, selection of suitable bioaugumentation agents should be based on previous analyses of autochthonic microbes in the targeted contaminated soils. Further, this work shows that the presence of key species might be more important for the biodegradation efficiency than biodiversity of soil microflora. Biodiversity is more related to the functionality of soil ecosystems which can be affected by the presence of contaminants leading to positive selection of taxa capable of pollutant degradation. However, there are just a few studies on the relationship between biodiversity and degradation of pollutants. Its further research...
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