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Radiotherapy bone metastases
ŠIMKOVÁ, Kristina
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of diagnosis and treatment of bone metastases. Radiotherapy is a key element in the therapy of bone metastases, serving to relieve pain and improve the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer. The theoretical part reviews the available literature on the structure of bone, description of the diagnosis of bone metastases, and their subsequent treatment. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to answer research questions. The practical part focused on quantitative research. For the purposes of the research, research questions were first established, followed by data collection necessary to answer them at the radiotherapy department of the hospital in České Budějovice for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. Hospital information system NIS was used to obtain patient information and the nature of their illness, and also the Aria planning system to verify information on irradiation techniques and applied doses. The research study included 224 patients. The collected data were then visualized using tables and graphs to facilitate comparison. From the results of the practical part, it was apparent that bone metastases of patients treated with radiotherapy at the hospital in České Budějovice most commonly affected the spine, pelvis, and long bones. The age range was diverse, but the issue of bone metastases mostly concerned patients in the age range of 60-80 years. The applied hypofractionation regimen was chosen considering the location of the metastasis and the patient's current condition. The resulting data and their analysis can serve as feedback to the staff of the respective radiotherapy department. The theoretical processing of the thesis can be used as a framework educational material for students of the field of radiological assistance at ZSF.
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Radiotherapy of cervical cancer
KUBIŠOVÁ, Lucie
This bacherol thesis focuses on radiotherapy of cervical cancer. In the theorical part we describe the anatomy proportions of little pelvis, typology of the tumor, its occurance, risk factors that can cause this disease, symptoms and diagnostics. We put special attention on the questions related to the prevention of cervical carcinoma. In addition we are interested in the treatment for this malignant disease surgery solutions, teletherapy, brachytherapy and chemotherapy. The second part of the bacherol thesis is empirical and focuses the radiotherapeutical treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma, stressing the analysis of doses of irradiation for the critical organs with repercussion for posterior occurance of acute or late undesired effects. The major risk factor detected was the insufficient participation of the respondents on the preventive gynecology examinations. The collected data reflect that only one third of women are undergoing the regular screening by their doctors. When analyzing the facts, we wanted to focuse on the irradiation doses applied to the critical organs. The obtained results showed that neither doses nor fractions have demostrated even a little progress during seven years. At the same time the techniques of irradiation did not evolve very much during the same period. The only difference was the increase of application of the IMRT technique in 2017 in comparison to 2010. The original hypothesis of the thesis advocating that the improvement of verification systems, imaging machines and planning systems could have an impact on the reduction of undesired effects caused by irradiation of critical organs during radiotherapy of cervix, was rejected due to above mentioned results.
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