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Study of mitochondrial morphology in pancreatic β-cells depending on the presence of different types of secretagogues
Lorenc, David ; Dlasková, Andrea (advisor) ; Mráček, Tomáš (referee)
Glucose homeostasis is crucial for the proper functioning of the organism. The pancreatic β-cells, which serve as a sensor of changes in blood glucose concentration and are responsible for the adequate release of the hormone insulin, play a crucial role in its maintenance. Increased glucose concentration activates oxidative phosphorylation and subsequently increases the concentration of cellular ATP, which then indirectly stimulates insulin secretion. The process of oxidative phosphorylation is localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where the final stage of processing of substrate energy into ATP occurs. To make the oxidative phosphorylation process as efficient as possible, the mitochondrial network undergoes a series of morphological changes. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the effect of changes in nutrient concentration on mitochondrial morphology in a pancreatic β-cell model, the INS1E tissue line. We used as experimental conditions: 1) a high glucose concentration at which insulin secretion is maximal, 2) a low glucose concentration at which insulin secretion does not occur, and 3) the addition of α-ketoisocaproate, a leucine metabolite that amplifies insulin secretion. We first characterized the bioenergetic parameters that influence mitochondrial morphology. A decrease in glucose...
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