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Mathematical Model of Membrane Distillation
Hvožďa, Jiří ; Komínek, Jan (referee) ; Kůdelová, Tereza (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá membránovou destilací, především z matematické perspektivy. Jedná se o tepelně poháněný separační proces, ve kterém se pro rozdělení kapalné a plynné fáze používá porézní membrána. Kapalina se vypařuje a její plynná fáze prochází přes póry v membráně. Během tohoto procesu dochází k tepelné i látkové výměně, které jsou popsány systémem parciálních diferenciálnich rovnic. Další model je založen na analogii s elektrickými obvody, zákonu zachování energie, hmotnostní bilanci a empirických vztazích. Je ověřen s experimentálně naměřenými daty z nové alternativní destilační jednotky používající membránu a kondenzátor z polymerních dutých vláken. Výkon a účinnost jednotky jsou vyhodnoceny. Další možná vylepšení jsou navržena.
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Energy performance of air handling units for swimming pool halls
Batelka, Václav ; Blasinski, Petr (referee) ; Rubina, Aleš (advisor)
The thesis is focused on determining the energy flows and the creation of an internal microclimate swimming pool halls. It describes the problems of design, the potential risks associated with the use of pools and thermodynamic processes heat and mass transfer. For this purpose was developed simulation program, which examines the behavior of heat and humidity in the room depending on external factors. The room can be simulated for any time period and geographic location. The outputs of the simulation are heat and mass balance, which will be covered air condition units. Three variants were designed and optimized solutions comparing claims on their operations. The experimental part is focused on the evaporation of the water. Measurement examines dependence of the speed of evaporation of water at different boundary conditions. Was investigated temperature dependence of water, temperature and relative humidity and air velocity above the water surface.
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Mass transfer during desorption
Lindovský, Jiří ; Svěrák, Tomáš (referee) ; Kalivoda, Josef (advisor)
This master thesis deals with development and optimalization of apparatus for ammonia desorption from liquid organic wastes, generated by biogas plant. There is a high ammonia concentration in biogas plant waste products. That limits its application as a fertilizer in an agriculture. The main aim of this theses is finding optimal conditions to reach required efficacy of removing ammonia nitrogen from a liquid digestate. For this purpose, two pilot plant devices were used, and optimal conditions for ammonia desorption with its subsequent absorption by acid solution were investigated. One of the tested devices is a membrane contactor with polymeric hollow fibers. The second is a stripping device, which was used for measuring the pilot scale experiments. At the time of writing of this thesis, the device is subjected to a process of optimalization. The transferred ammonia nitrogen absorbed in acid solution was analyzed by UV-VIS spectrometry. The suitability of both devices for the required ammonia desorption efficiency has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the kinetic curve of the experiment was investigated under different conditions. The optimalization of devices will take place according to the results obtained in the experimental part of this thesis. The optimized devices will be placed in biogas plant full operation.
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The separation efficiency of air pollutants on pilot air scrubber
Magera, Lukáš ; Vlasák, Jaroslav (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the separation process of air polutant on air scrubber. Absorption of carbon dioxide was carried out into 1 % solution of sodium hydroxide. Theoretical part is aimed at mass transportation, theory of absorption and examples of scrubbers. Experimental part focuses on some operating characteristics of scrubber and on optimisation of two-phase flow. The influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the absorption efficiency was found.
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Opportunities for 3D printing in the process industry
Haltmar, Jakub ; Jegla, Zdeněk (referee) ; Babička Fialová, Dominika (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of using additive technologies in the process industry, especially in the field of heat exchangers (heat sinks), membrane distillation and structured packing. In the first part, the thesis provides an overview of the materials and additive technologies used in these process units. The next part is devoted to specific examples of the use of 3D printing in the process applications and their comparison with conventional manufacturing technologies in the world. Furthermore, an overview of supported projects according to the Research, Development and Innovation Information System projects and the market situation in the Czech Republic is outlined. Recommendations for the development of additive manufacturing in the process industry are proposed in the discussion. In the addressed area, process improvements (efficiency, performance or completely new applications) are most often achieved due to the ability of additive manufacturing to produce complex geometries increasing the functional area while maintaining built-up dimensions and materials specific to the process industry.
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Simulations of Photobioreactors from Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer Point of View
Rebej, Miroslav ; Turek, Vojtěch (referee) ; Jördening, Alexandra (referee) ; Jegla, Zdeněk (advisor)
Simulations of photobioreactors with microalgae-specific cultures is a field that connects microbiology with the multiphase fluid dynamics. With microalgae cultivation, it is necessary to account various phenomena, e.g., multiphase hydrodynamics with water, CO2 bubbles and microalgae, multiphase species mass transfer, radiation transport, light attenuation, growth and culmination of microalgae and their effect on fluid properties. Computational model presented in this doctoral dissertation thesis links multiphase hydrodynamic model and the species mass transfer model. In the thesis, there is an overview of applicable computational models for the given types of photobioreactors. The multiphase hydrodynamic model and the species mass transfer model then draw from this overview. Next, the accuracy of these sub-models was compared with laboratory experiments. As a result, the developed computational model of the photobioreactor can be further extended with other sub-models, i.e., the irradiation model and the biomass growth model.
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Mass transfer during desorption
Lindovský, Jiří ; Svěrák, Tomáš (referee) ; Kalivoda, Josef (advisor)
This master thesis deals with development and optimalization of apparatus for ammonia desorption from liquid organic wastes, generated by biogas plant. There is a high ammonia concentration in biogas plant waste products. That limits its application as a fertilizer in an agriculture. The main aim of this theses is finding optimal conditions to reach required efficacy of removing ammonia nitrogen from a liquid digestate. For this purpose, two pilot plant devices were used, and optimal conditions for ammonia desorption with its subsequent absorption by acid solution were investigated. One of the tested devices is a membrane contactor with polymeric hollow fibers. The second is a stripping device, which was used for measuring the pilot scale experiments. At the time of writing of this thesis, the device is subjected to a process of optimalization. The transferred ammonia nitrogen absorbed in acid solution was analyzed by UV-VIS spectrometry. The suitability of both devices for the required ammonia desorption efficiency has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the kinetic curve of the experiment was investigated under different conditions. The optimalization of devices will take place according to the results obtained in the experimental part of this thesis. The optimized devices will be placed in biogas plant full operation.
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Hydrodynamic and thermal mode ling of reactive flow in the surroundings of intrusions
Jandová, Tereza ; Dolejš, David (advisor) ; Bruthans, Jiří (referee)
English Summary Intrusion of magma into the Earth's crust is associated with significant thermal perturbations, release of aqeuous fluids and formation of hydrothermal system. In order to better understand the feedback relationships between fluid flow, thermal evolution and permeability variations, we have modeled conductive and advective cooling of a shallow- crustal pluton using the SHEMAT software. Our model represents a two-dimensional cross section through the lithosphere with homogeneous material properties, whebery the heat and mass conservation equations are solved by finite difference method. We first calculate the stable lithospheric geotherm by emplying constant basal thermal flow of 40 mW m-2 and a constant surface temperature. Subsequently, we consider a rectangular magmatic intrusion emplaced at 5-10 km depth, which forms a contact aureole by conductive cooling. With time, a mushroom-like shape of the contact aureole is predicted. Inclusion of aqueous fluid flow into the model causes only a small alteration of thermal evolution mainly because the permeability is low and the fluid mass is negligible due to very low density under hydrothermal conditions. In addition to thermal effects, we have explored variations in hydraulic head in order to address the ensuing effects on the flow velocity. The...
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Mathematical Model of Membrane Distillation
Hvožďa, Jiří ; Komínek, Jan (referee) ; Kůdelová, Tereza (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá membránovou destilací, především z matematické perspektivy. Jedná se o tepelně poháněný separační proces, ve kterém se pro rozdělení kapalné a plynné fáze používá porézní membrána. Kapalina se vypařuje a její plynná fáze prochází přes póry v membráně. Během tohoto procesu dochází k tepelné i látkové výměně, které jsou popsány systémem parciálních diferenciálnich rovnic. Další model je založen na analogii s elektrickými obvody, zákonu zachování energie, hmotnostní bilanci a empirických vztazích. Je ověřen s experimentálně naměřenými daty z nové alternativní destilační jednotky používající membránu a kondenzátor z polymerních dutých vláken. Výkon a účinnost jednotky jsou vyhodnoceny. Další možná vylepšení jsou navržena.
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The separation efficiency of air pollutants on pilot air scrubber
Magera, Lukáš ; Vlasák, Jaroslav (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the separation process of air polutant on air scrubber. Absorption of carbon dioxide was carried out into 1 % solution of sodium hydroxide. Theoretical part is aimed at mass transportation, theory of absorption and examples of scrubbers. Experimental part focuses on some operating characteristics of scrubber and on optimisation of two-phase flow. The influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the absorption efficiency was found.
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