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Czech Republic in International Comparison (Selected indicators) - 2017
Český statistický úřad
International comparison of the Czech Republic with other countries, especially with the European Union member states. A wide range of data from many statistical domains, e.g. information on population, labour market, living standard, national accounts, finance, prices, industry, external trade, services and environment.
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Economic Research Bulletin (2017, No.1). Volume 15, Number 1, May 2017, Trade and External Relations
Česká národní banka
One of the key determinants of economic development in small open economies such as the Czech one is the external environment. Understanding the linkages to the external world is therefore of utmost importance for policymakers. It is not only international trade that is important. Capital flows and exchange rate fluctuations are also among the economic phenomena that should be monitored and analysed. The articles in this Research Bulletin represent a sample of the CNB’s research dealing with modelling of trade and capital flows and exchange rate fluctuations. The first article decomposes aggregate export growth in the Czech Republic in 2005–2014. The second article presents research aimed at improving the trade forecast. The third article also contains research relevant to economic forecasting. The fourth article studies the role of exchange rate movements.
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Austrian Business Cycle Theory and Its Application to Modern Economic Crises
Skala, Jakub ; Janotík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Princ, Michael (referee)
Business cycle that appeared in the US between 2002 and 2009 caused serious economic turmoil which affects the economic development until today. This paper examines the ability of Austrian business cycle theory to explain the cycle. The theory claims that disequilibrium on market for loanable funds appears after monetary expansion. As a result, interest rate does not correspond to individuals' preferences, which induces distortion in relative prices, capital misallocation, and unsuitable structure of production. The inevitable market correction then incurs economic recession. First, the paper describes the methodological origins of the theory and then summarizes its main principles. The description of the US economy during the examined period follows. At the end, the theory is confronted with reality. Although there are some minor differences between predictions of the theory and the actual development of the US economy, it can be concluded that Austrian business cycle theory can help us explain the recent business cycle.
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Central Bank Monitoring - December 2016
Česká národní banka
Most of the central banks under review are maintaining their interest rates at the current low level or considering a further monetary policy easing. For example, Norges Bank is considering lowering its key rate and the Riksbank increasing the volume of purchased bonds. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand has lowered the key rate further. The ECB left interest rates unchanged in the previous period but extended its bond purchase programme and adjusted its parameters. On the other hand, the global economy is watching anxiously whether the Fed’s interest rates increase as expected at the close of this year. Spotlight addresses the effect of climate change on the financial sector, including central bank policies. In our Selected speech, member of the Executive Board of the Deutsche Bundesbank Andreas Dombret focuses on the perspectives of business models of commercial banks.
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Global Economic Outlook - February 2017
Česká národní banka
The February issue of Global Economic Outlook presents the regular monthly overview of recent and expected developments in selected territories, focusing on key economic variables: inflation, GDP growth, leading indicators, interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices. In this issue, we tend to explore analytically the effect of (un)conventional monetary policy measures on shadow interest rates in the euro area and the USA. Based on our estimates, we show in this article that the effect of monetary policy measures on shadow rates differs depending on whether they were aimed at stabilising financial markets or further easing monetary conditions. We also indicate how the effects of measures taken by central banks can change depending on the current level of financial stress.
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Global Economic Outlook - January 2017
Česká národní banka
This year’s first issue of Global Economic Outlook presents the regular monthly overview of recent and expected developments in selected territories, focusing on key economic variables: inflation, GDP growth, leading indicators, interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices. Starting with this issue, our regular monitoring will include the United Kingdom, due not least to one of the most keenly awaited events of this year: the actual start of Brexit. In this issue, our analysis focuses on one of the most discussed phenomena of the day –the decline in equilibrium real interest rates in the global economy. We present two theories –one that attributes the phenomenon of low interest rates to structural changes and speaks in favour of a permanent decline in rates, and another arguing that the fall is temporary and based on cyclical swings caused mainly by the financial cycle.
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Economic Research Bulletin (2016, No.2). Volume 14, Number 2, November 2016, Financial Cycles and Macroprudential and Monetary Policies
Česká národní banka
Issues connected with the financial cycle have gained prominence in recent decades, as they form the key component of the time dimension of the newly formed macroprudential policies. Analysis of the financial cycle covers a combination of purely theoretical models (explaining different channels of propagation of the financial cycle to the real economy) and practical applications estimating the financial cycle (directly applicable to macroprudential policies such as the setting of countercyclical capital buffers). Financial cycle issues also influence the debate of the interaction between monetary and macroprudential policies. This edition of the Bulletin presents four articles that address financial cycle issues. Two of them are theoretical, one is purely empirical and one covers issues related to the interaction of the different policies conducted within the central bank.
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Financing of Cadastral Office for the region Olomouc
Sádecká, Šárka ; Šrédl, Karel (advisor) ; Hana, Hana (referee)
This thesis is focused on the topic of financing the organizational division
of the state. The topic of this thesis is an analysis and an evaluation of the economy
of the Cadastral office for the region of Olomouc in years 2011-2015. The evaluation
of the economy is based on a detailed analysis of incomes and expenses in the monitored period. Based on the outcome of this analysis the author will then propose precautions
to improve the economy of the Cadastral office for the region of Olomouc. The thesis contains an analysis of collecting the administrative charges depending on the maintnance expenses and a proposal of an optimalization of the height of these charges with respect
to the overall effectivity of using the state funds.
The first part of the thesis is focused on a research from specialised literature, where there is an explanation of the problems linked with financing the public sector, public funds or the economy of the organizational divisions of the state. In the second, empirical part there are the chracteristics of the author subject of choice and
the information gathered is compared with practical application in the chosen subject of
the administration, with the goal of proposing an optimalization to improve the economy.
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