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Forest vegetation in the Bohemian Karst between traditional management and modern conservation
Veverková, Alina ; Hédl, Radim (advisor) ; Petřík, Petr (referee)
Forest understory vegetation in lowland woodlands is coming through systematical changes, which are documented from many regions. Abandonment of traditional coppicing management, nitrogen deposition and effect of high game densities in some regions are considered to be the main key drivers. Changes of seminatural woodland in protected area of Bohemian Karst were studied in this research. The abandonment of traditional management is probably the biggest environmental change in this area. Original data, semi-permanent plots with phytosociological relevés, were surveyed shortly after the last coppicing in the half of twentieth century. These plots were now re-visited. Partial task was to evaluate how important relocation accuracy is. Discovered changes have similar trends as in other lowland woodlands. After abandonment of coppicing, site conditions changed towards more shade and nutrient rich sites. Vegetation shifted to species assemblages of late succession dominated by shade-adapted and nutrient-demanding species. Slight decrease in gama-diversity, increase in alpha-diversity and decrease of beta-diversity indicated taxonomic homogenization was recorded. Re-visiting of semi-permanent plots was evaluated as appropriate tool for this type of research. Spatial heterogenity is partly affecting temporal change,...
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Increase of annual and seasonal air temperatures in the Czech Republic during 1961-2010
Střeštík, Jaroslav ; Rožnovský, J. ; Štěpánek, P. ; Zahradníček, P.
Using the monthly means of air temperatures at 267 stations in the Czech Republic, the long-term change has been estimated at each station for the last 50 years. Annual mean temperatures for the whole country show a considerable increase, more pronounced than that for global temperature, however, supplemented by strong fluctuations from year to year. Long-term changes in air temperatures at different stations and in different regions vary. Stronger increase in air temperatures can be seen in Bohemia, whereas in Moravia temperature increase is not so significant. This difference is more pronounced in the winter, whereas in the summer, the differences are smaller and perhaps of opposite nature. This means that the continentality of the climate in Moravia increases, while in Bohemia it very slightly decreases. Long-term changes depend only marginally on the absolute values of annual mean temperatures at the respective station. The increase of autumn temperatures is considerably lower than that of other seasons.
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Possible correlations between geomagnetic activity and global air temperature
Střeštík, Jaroslav
Annual values of the geomagnetic activity indices aa have been compared with the annual mean values of global air temperature during 1850-2012. Despite of a big noise level a significant positive correlation takes place. However, it only reflects a very similar long-term change occurring in both investigated quantities, which must not have a common origin. Short periodical changes with periods of years or decades are at both quantities quite different and their correlation is negligible. When shorter parts with the length of about some decades have been compared, resulting correlations were different. The significant correlation for the whole period is therefore not persistent. No influence of the geomagnetic activity on global temperature in shorter time dimensions has been proved and therefore it is not possible to use any estimate of a possible course of the geomagnetic activity for a prediction of the global temperature in the future. Using the temperature data from the individual stations instead of the global ones different correlations can be obtained but even these are not persistent. The same result will follow using any other selection of shorter intervals.
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The change of annual and seasonal precipitation totals in the Czech Republic during 1961-2012
Střeštík, Jaroslav ; Rožnovský, J. ; Štěpánek, P. ; Zahradníček, P.
Using the monthly values of precipitation totals at 267 stations in the Czech Republic a longterm change has been estimated at each station for the last 50 years. Annual totals for the whole country display a slight increase, however, supplemented by a much stronger fluctuations from year to year. Long-term changes in annual totals at different stations and in different regions are different. In southern and western Bohemia precipitation totals increased more, in Elbe lowlands and in a large part of the Moravia, rather a small decrease in rainfall has been observed. Long-term changes depend only slightly on the total rainfall at the respective station or in the region. Summer precipitation totals increased more than annual averages, while spring precipitation totals decreased, at other times seasons the change is negligible. At the same time, the annual variation changes slightly: maximum precipitation has shifted from June to July and August.
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The course of precipitation totals and water flows in rivers during the 20th century
Střeštík, Jaroslav
Whereas mean air temperatures have increased during the 20th century, though supplemented by considerable fluctuations, and increase further, mean precipitation totals in Prague as well as in the whole Bohemia during the same period slightly decrease. At the same time also mean annual flows in Vltava in Prague and in Labe in Děčín decrease. This decrease is a little less rapid than the decrease of precipitation totals. This fact means that the part of water from atmospheric precipitation which flows way from our territory slowly increases and relatively smaller part remains. This trend appears in summer more than in other seasons. The increasing portion of water which flows away from our territory is caused by the decreasing ability of soil to absorb the water.
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Precipitation totals and rich precipitations in Klementinum in Prague between 1805 and 2007
Střeštík, Jaroslav
In the university campus Klementinum in Prague daily precipitation totals have been observed since 1805 without interruption. This seris, in contrast to the temperature series, does not display any long-term change similar to the global warming, only a little drier period 1850-1880 and perhaps a weak decrease after 1980 can be observed. Numbers of days without precipitations in the individual years do not show any long-term change or periodicity. The incidence of rich precipitations can be described by two methods. When it is expressed by the number of days in a year when daily precipitation totals exceeded 5 or 10 mm, its long-term trend is similar to the long-term change of precipitation totals. When it is expressed by the number of days in a year when daily precipitation totals exceeded 1 or 2 per cent of the annual precipitation total, no long-term trend or periodicity is observed.
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