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Thermoelectric Generators for Micro-CHP Units
Brázdil, Marian ; Navrátil, Jiří (referee) ; Masaryk, Michal (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
Small domestic hot water boilers burning solid fuels represent a significant source of air pollu-tion. It is therefore an effort to increase their combustion efficiency and to reduce the produc-tion of harmful emissions. For this reason, the operation of older and currently unsatisfactory types of household boilers has been legally restricted. Preferred types of boilers are low-emission boilers, especially automatic or gasification boilers. Most of them, however, in compar-ison with previous types of boilers, also require connection to the electricity grid. If there is a long-term failure in electricity grid, the operation of newer boiler types is limited. Wood and coal gasification boilers are currently available on the market and can be operated even in the event of a power failure, but only in heating systems with natural water circulation. In heating systems with forced water circulation, these boilers, fireplaces or fireplace inserts with hot-water heat exchangers cannot be operated without external battery supply in the event of a power failure. The dissertation thesis therefore deals with the question of whether it would be possible by thermoelectric conversion of waste heat of flue gases of small-scale low-emission combustion hot water domestic boilers to obtain sufficient electricity, to power supply their circulation pumps and to ensure operation in systems with forced water circulation independently of elec-tricity supply from the grid. In order to answer this question, a simulation tool predicting the power parameters of ther-moelectric generators was created. Compared to previously published works, the calculations and simulations include the influence of the generator on the boiler flue gas functionality. To verify the simulation tool, an experimental thermoelectric generator was built using the waste heat of the flue gas of an automatic hot water boiler for wood pellets. In addition to this genera-tor, there was also created an experimental thermoelectric fireplace insert and other equipment related to these experiments.
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Technical and economic evaluation of the gas microturbine with the waste heat recovery system
Slovák, Rostislav ; Kilkovský, Bohuslav (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The use of gas microturbines as a primary unit in CHP is still weak in the industrial process. It gives the driving force to the main aim of this master thesis, which is the technical and economic evaluation of the gas microturbines waste heat recovery system, which is the key factor for their economic sustainability. Assignment contains description of CHP system that was gradually built in LENP laboratory, part of NETME Centre. The author has joined the final work before start-up of the CHP system. He presents and describes results of the first experiments on this unit. The flue gas of a microturbine was used for heating water by heat exchanger flue gas–water and for direct linen drying. The case study of laundry with capacity 10 tons per shift was developed in cooperation with companies in laundry care. Results of those tests were used to process integration and utilization of this professional industrial laundry All obstacles found and opportunities of the use of microturbines are comprehensively described and tested in case studies, which are simulated in Chemstation Chemcad Software. Results of the thesis are expected to be useful these fields: the use of gas microturbines in industry & energy savings in industrial laundries.
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Combi -cycle with Diesel Engine and Steam Turbine
Bouše, Richard ; Kubiš, Richard (referee) ; Fiedler, Jan (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with the possibility of increasing efficiency of energy blocks with combustion engines by the combination of the Sabat and Clausius-Rankine cycle into the combined cycle. In the thesis is briefly described the principle of the function of the auxiliary device, which can increase the efficiency of the combustion engine. This device, which consists of a waste heat boiler and two turbine modules, is designed using calculations. Both turbine modules are prepared with drawing documentation and there are described important structural elements. Each key part of the thesis is given by a brief theory, so the basic theory of combustion engines, waste heat boilers and steam turbine are described.
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Analysis of the steam engine for combined heat and power
Uryč, Jan ; Fiedler, Jan (referee) ; Škorpík, Jiří (advisor)
In some applications, the piston steam engine may be more suitable than the technology currently used. The thesis deals with the analysis of its advantages, weaknesses and possibilities of use, which are offered. Introduces the principles and functions of piston steam engines. It also contains a thermodynamic design based on a specific assignment and a feasibility assessment.
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Utilization of Waste Heat from Heating Plant Spitalka
Hromádka, Martin ; Morávek, Jan (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with utilization of waste heat from heating plant Spitalka. The aim of the thesis is to explain the general principle of the operation of the heating plants, respectively the heating circuit, then to describe the operation of heating plant Spitalka and to try to identify possible sources of waste heat. Other goals are to make the calculation of waste heat and to make the proposal for its utilization. The final aim of the thesis was to design technological device for utilization of waste heat and to carry out economic evaluation. The master’s thesis describes the principle of functioning of the heating circuit. It explains the issue of combined heat and power production, the principle of functioning of the main technological elements, but also the ecology of operation or distribution of heat through the district heating. Then there is a description of the heating plant Spitalka. The thesis also deals with the water treatment and the description of the technological circuit from the beginning to the distribution to the customer. Next, the waste heat source is identified as water in a closed cooling circuit. The amount of this heat energy is calculated and suggestions for its possible utilization are made. As an application, there are selected two systems, heating and domestic hot water heating. The heating is made by heat pump. Based on the calculations, a heating system using two heat pumps in a bivalent way of connection was designed. In conclusion, the results of the design of the heating system are summarized and an economic evaluation is carried out.
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Kogenerační jednotka mikro výkonu v RD
Pusztai, Radek ; Skalka, Miroslav (referee) ; Ondrůšek, Čestmír (advisor)
Bachelor paper on "Cogenerational unit of micro energy in a single-family house" occupies with analysis of usage and economical effectiveness of cogenerational installation in the single-family house. Results and used material are based on longtime knowledge of leading Czech and world companies and institutions. Paper is structed into two parts.
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Utilization biogas for combined heat and power
Fojtík, Martin ; Baxant, Petr (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is specialized on the solution of actual problems dealing with the exploitation of biological wastes usány combined heat and power. The task is to suggest and valorize the running of combined heat and power system cooperating with a bio-gas station. The first part is devoted to the rise of biogas and biomass which is fit for the production of biogas, further also to the biogas technology. The second part of of this work deals with the principle of combined heat and power, as well as with the comparation of single prime units. The running of biogas combined heat and power is reviewed in the final part.
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Use of Cogeneration in Family Houses
Pusztai, Radek ; Mastný, Petr (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
In the first part of the thesis is elaborated a general view on the issue of cogeneration - a joint production of heat and electricity. In addition to technical and economic aspects are also mentioned basic modes of operation of cogeneration units. Furthermore, installation conditions in the family house and legislative acts associated with the operation. The next section describes the technical parameters of the unit - TEDOM T7. Subsequently, the work performed calculations of the energy needs of the family house. In the next part there is an economic calculation of the object with reference to other sources of heat.
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Modernization of biomass heat plant.
Sedlák, Martin ; Fiedler, Jan (referee) ; Fiedler, Jan (referee) ; Skála, Zdeněk (advisor)
The thesis examines the suitability of a CHP project in Bystřice nad Pernštejnem, a small town in Vysočina region, Czech Republic, which is currently supplied by biomass central heating. It reviews situation and availability of renewable energy sources and opportunities for CHP both in the Czech Republic and in Europe, including the context of current global developments. The opening chapters are followed with the renewable energy project for Bystřice nad Pernštejnem itself. The current technology, availability of biomass fuel for a potential future project, and possible development of energy sources in the town are analysed. Three alternative solutions for the CHP plant are suggested, with proposal for the technology and economic analysis, and possible future steps of the town council are discussed.
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Perspektiva využití skládkového plynu ze skládky komunálního odpadu
Stránský, Marek
Landfilling is the most common way of dealing with municipal waste in the Czech Republic. In average 50 % of municipal waste is dumped on landfills. Municipal waste contains organically degradable components, at which decomposition occurs landfill biogas. For the creation of landfill gas there must be strictly anaerobic environment conditions and sufficient humidity. Creation of gas also affects the temperature, pH and the composition of the decomposed material.To prevent the free release of methane, operators of municipal landfills have an obligation to collect and process landfill gas. Since landfill gas is perceived as alternative energy source, if it has sufficient amount of methane it can be used as fuel in a cogeneration units.Today's legislation is aimed to reduce the proportion of organically degradable waste imposed on landfills. Therefore, despite the current spread, use of landfill gas production has decreasing future prospects. In the thesis I deal with conditions of forming landfill gas and its collecting. I also analyzed the quantity and quality of produced gas in landfill of municipal waste in Ronov nad Sazavou.
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