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Biology, occurrence and control Cockspur Grass(\kur{Echinochloa crus-galli} (L.) Beauv.)on arable land
VITURKA, Martin
This work is focused on the occurrence of Cockspur Grass (lat. Echinochloa crus-galli) on arable land and ways and means of its regulation. Damages which are annually caused by weeds are very difficult to quantify and their negative impact is reflected every year in all crops and all fields. Cocksour Grass belongs among the most dangerous weeds, especially in wide-row stands. Furthermore, I focused on the issue of late weed, seed dormancy and resistance of populations. A related question is possible solution to the protection of stands against weeds using both preventive and direct methods of control plants. An experiment was made to check influence of herbicides on the population of Cockspur and other weed species which occur in this root-crops. The result showed which kind of herbicide is more effective with pre-emergence application to Cockspur Grass and other monitored weeds.
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Biology and control of Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) on arable land
BENDÍK, Jiří
This work is focused on pigweed species-related issues, particularly those of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), including biology, occurrence, harmfulness, spreading and possibilities to regulate the plant, which, nowadays, ranks among very dangerous and constantly spreading weed species. I therefore monitored the frequency of occurrence of redroot pigweed and other weed species grown on experimental plots during the maize vegetation season, and the effectiveness of weed regulation efforts through three registered herbicides, namely Adengo, Milagro and Callisto 480 SC. All three herbicides were appreciably very effective on redroot pigweed and delivered results proved the necessity of applying herbicides to control weed populations in today?s agricultural practices. In this respect, it can indeed be noted that a long-term regulation must be based on principles of good agro-technology practices and combine effectively sowing procedures, chemical protection and other both direct and preventive procedures.
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The Issues of Spread of Slender Meadow Foxtail(Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) on Arable Land and the Methods of its Regulation.
JUSKO, Vladimír
This research paper focuses on One Year Slender Meadow Foxtail weed and options for its regulation. Slender Meadow Foxtail has become a significantly localized weed and it is necessary to stop it from spreading further. In certain locations the presence of One Year Slender Meadow Foxtail is very high; for example in Zitmunice in the district of Ceske Budejovice. This weed is to be found mainly in winter grain (cereal), rape (canola) growth, free growing spring grain (cereal), and also in clover growth. This paper describes the presence of One Year Slender Meadow Foxtail in spring barley and different methods of regulating its presence. Experiments with whether the amount of herbicide influences the regulation of weed growth have been carried out at selected locations.
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Methods of regulation the occurrence thaliana violet (Viola arvensis Murray) on arable land
MACHÁČEK, Václav
Due to repetitive planting of certain crops in the crop rotation process, there came to be a loss of certain weed species on the cultivated land, but because of this, a small selected number of species, because of there frequency and abundance, played an import role in the cultivated soil, (or harvest). Currently one of these weed species is the violet thaliana, which occurs in all cultivated crops, especially cereals and oilseeds. The significance of this harmful average weed is increasing significantly. Therefore an attempt was established on the farm, DZV Nova Bystrice. The aim of this experiment is to regulate thaliana violet (Viola arvensis Murray) on arable land.
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Methods of weed control on perennial grassland
ONDRÁK, Aleš
The control of perennial weed species, which grow on permanent grass growths, is an increasing problem for the farmers. Their regulation is very difficult and expensive. Farmers should primarily focus on avoiding weed to excess. This expresses the need of finding cheap and advantageous regulations that will be able to prevent weed from excessing. The aim of this work is to contribute to the expansion of the knowledge about the appropriate regulatory precaution and the possibilities of its usage. There were observed the most represented weed species on permanent grass growth in ZD Třebelovice. Mostly, the land sorrel and dandelion medical Hinoki were found. Also, the influence of mowing on the presence of perennial weed species and the influence of chosen herbicide application were observed.
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The methods of regulation the Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. on arable land
KOCEK, Václav
Weed infestation of the arable land by persistent weeds is serious problem today. Very dangerous species occuring in all crops, not just only on the arable land, is "Elytrigia repens". It's spread is connected with decrease the level of tillage and with reduction of agrotechnical measures. The target of my thesis is to broadening of knowledges and to suggest other possible solutions of regulation of the occurrence of "Elytrigia repens". SO we did an herbicidal attempt at "Triticum aestivum", which was focused on chemical regulation of this weed. There were used three herbicidal products in different variants. Using of herbicidal products reduces the occurrence of weed species.
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Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring and Biomedical Applications
ŠTOFIK, Marcel
Study of biosensors has become an essential part of research in biotechnology. Biosensors as fast, portable, highly sensitive, and low-cost bioanalytical detection devices have been utilized in many fields of human activity. The first part of the presented work focuses on electrochemical biosensors for rapid environmental screening of herbicides as water pollutants. A sol-gel immobilization method for a photosystem II (PSII) complex is studied in order to enhance the sensitivity and the signal strength and stability of a PSII-based biosensor. Computer simulations of a PSII biosensor are employed with the aim to find out how the immobilization membrane properties influence the biosensor parameters. Newly developed immobilization by a thin-layer membrane based on the results of computer simulations and revised measurement protocols are presented. The second part of the work is devoted to synthesis and electrochemical detection of newly developed metal labels for electrochemical immunosensors. The synthesis of dendrimer-encapsulated silver nanoparticles and biorecognition properties of biotin-nanocomposite conjugates are discussed. For detection of synthesized labels, a microfluidic detector was manufactured and tested and different approaches to packing of a microfluidic chip employing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were investigated. Newly designed microstructures for a microfluidic separator of magnetic beads (MBs) were studied by computer simulations. The separator was made and trapping of MBs for the further employment in MBs-based immunoassays are presented
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Studium a ochrana dřevin: Monitoring zdravotního stavu dřevin a sledování příčinných souvislostí šíření významných patogenů pro zlepšení ekologické stability a druhové diverzity s ohledem na klimatické a antropogenní vlivy
Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Brno ; Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, Průhonice ; Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Praha ; Zamarská, Sylva ; Vágnerová, Irena ; Štajerová, Radka ; Mračanská, Eva ; Motrjlová, Petra ; Kunce, Petr ; Hausvaterová, Svatava ; Fišarová, Eva ; Petruš, Josef ; Koželuhová, Kamila ; Mertelík, Josef ; Červenka, Michal ; Strnadová, Veronika ; Švecová, Anna ; Černý, Karel ; Holub, Vladimír ; Gregorová, Božena
Ve zprávě jsou modelově zpracovány výsledky změn zdravotního stavu dřevin za období posledních devíti let na jedné z dlouhodobě monitorovaných lokalit. No všech modelových lokalitách byla provedena revize četnosti dřevin jednotlivých taxonů a vyhodnoceny změny v jejich početním a druhovém zastoupení. Byla ukončena 1. etapa výběru modelových lokalit na území celé ČR k monitorování zdravotního stavu dřevin a biomonitoringu závažných chorob a patogenů, s důrazem na výskyt a šíření onemocnění, která způsobují hromadná hynutí dřevin. Výzkum byl orientován na hynutí olší, topolů a dalších významných dřevin a výskyt nebezpečných parazitických mikroorganismů. Průběžně je prováděna syntéza klimatických faktorů ve vztahu k modelovým lokalitám. Z antropogenních negativních vlivů bylo hodnoceno poškození dřevin herbicidy a ořezem
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