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UKIP and FPÖ, comparative analysis of party-based euroscepticism
Nováčková, Kateřina ; Polášek, Martin (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
The focus of the bachelor thesis is Euroscepticism and radical right parties. At first, the thesis describes the origins and roots of contemporary Euroscepticism, the next step is to present the main theoretical approaches. Based on that, the theoretical framework will be introduced. The aim is to define to which type of Euroscepticism belong United Kingdom Independence Party and Freedom Party of Austria and compare their manifestos during the period 2009-2014.
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Categorization of Eurosceptic political parties in Slovakia and the Czech Republic
Barilova, Emma Lujza ; Lenčéš Chalániová, Daniela (advisor) ; Martinková, Viera (referee)
This thesis explored party-based Euroscepticism in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Euroscepticism is a growing phenomenon, and more importantly, it is moving from the periphery into mainstream political life. Twenty years anniversary of the Czech Republic and Slovakia entering the European Union is coming up next year, and it seems that two decades in the Union left a negative imprint on the population that was once excited about entering a new era. Seeing as the majority of research and categorization of Eurosceptic political movements in Slovakia and the Czech Republic was conducted around the accession period (2004), we decided to compare current Eurosceptic political parties in Slovakia and the Czech Republic in terms of the magnitude (soft/hard Euroscepticism) of and motivations for their scepticism (ideologically vs. strategically driven) and position them within the Eurosceptic space (as defined by Jan Rovny in 2004). We categorized eight Eurosceptic political parties which gained seats in at least one of the two last legislative elections, four Slovak parties (elections in 2016 and 2020) and four Czech Eurosceptic parties (elections in 2017 and 2021). We analyzed their electoral manifestos and consulted secondary sources to categorize them as follows. Four parties can be categorized as...
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Is Czech society Eurosceptic? Analysis of the attitudes of the Czech population towards the EU
Hübscherová, Tereza ; Dvořák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Tuček, Milan (referee)
Diploma thesis Is Czech society Eurosceptic? Analysis of the attitudes of the Czech population towards the EU brings insight into the negative attitudes of the Czech society towards the European Union and European integration in a number of its dimensions. This is a cross-sectional quantitative research with the main intention to identify the dimensions of public Euroscepticism in Czech society through secondary data analysis, and subsequently clarify the role and influence of socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of society in the spheres. The thesis focuses on the sociology of European integration in connection with Euroscepticism, especially public, and brings insight into the development of its typologies. The results of the thesis represent the dimensions of negative attitudes towards the European Union that exist in Czech society. It is about democratic, economic, sovereign, social and Euroscepticism based on identity, while the influence of individual socio- demographic and socio-economic characteristics manifests itself in every form and, due to the detailed focus, in some cases in connection with the influence of personality factors on public Euroscepticism deviation from generally valid statements and new findings appear.
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Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and its European policy 1986-2007
Ježková, Simona ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Martin (referee)
This master's thesis, titled Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and its Approach to European Integration 1986-2007, analyses an era of twenty-plus years in which the party, led by Jörg Haider, underwent a major ideological shift. The FPÖ abandoned its original liberal pro-European position and, in the 1990s, became a Eurosceptic populist movement akin to the far right. This work aims to assess whether these shifts can be described using the theories formulated by Paul Taggart and Aleks Szczerbiak and by Nick Sitter - who postulate that a party's participation in government is among the factors influencing the degree to which it is Eurosceptic. They suggest that a party's rhetoric regarding the European Union tamps down if the party participates in the government, becoming a part of a coalition government or supporting a minority government. During the period examined in this thesis, the FPÖ was a part of three governing coalitions. It was also a period of significant events which enable us to analyse the FPÖ's conduct - in particular, the Austrian accession to the EC/EU, the adoption of treaties modifying the functioning of the EU, the Austrian presidencies of the Council of the EU in 1998 and 2006, the European Parliament elections and their representative's activities in the EP, the process of...
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Irish Political Parties and its Political Positions on EU
Ševčíková, Kristýna ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Říchová, Blanka (referee)
The thesis entitled Irish political parties and the evolution of their positions towards the EU deals with an overlooked issue in our context, which is related to the attitude of political parties in Ireland and their relationship with the EU, and the author has defined the period of her analysis as 2002-2020. The first part of the thesis introduces the theoretical concept of Euroscepticism through the most influential theoretical contributions of authors such as Paul Taggart, Aleks Szczerbiak, Petr Kopecký, Cas Mudde, and Soren Rishoj. Also, it discusses the degree of Europeanisation of the Irish political system or political parties themselves. The next part of the thesis then discusses the formation of the Irish political and party system, referred to as the so-called two-and-a-half party system with two dominant political parties, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, and analyses the other political actors. The thesis is a longitudinal analysis building on data collected from the Comparative Manifesto Project, Chapel Hill Expert Survey. The author has supplemented this data with her 2020 election dataset and presents it in detail in the methodology section. The data analysis was carried out in R using Wordscores and TF-IDF, designed to answer three research questions for the content analysis of party...
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On the Wave of Populism. Current Development of Freedom and Direct Democracy
NUSKOVÁ, Nikola
This bachelor thesis deals with populism in the Czech Republic, specifically on the examples of the Dawn of Direct Democracy and Freedom and Direct Democracy. The first part of this thesis outlines the theory of populism, followed by an approach to the business past of the founder and leader of both political subjects, Tomio Okamura. The next chapter explores the creation and development of the Dawn, and the reasons for the departure of its chairman are examined. The third chapter maps the approach of Freedom and Direct Democracy from its foundation to the present. Besides other things, there is space for the internal party organisation and the programme goals; even the political marketing is not left out. Last but not least, the thesis focuses on analysing the elections in which the party during its existence participated.
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Analysis of the impact of cultural and political factors on European integration assessment based on public opinion of selected countries
Bročková, Klaudia ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Anděl, Jiří (referee)
In the past few years, European integration has often encountered resistance from individual countries when deepening cooperation in specific European policies. The different sociocultural, political and historical backgrounds of the individual member states prove to be potentially problematic, and it appears there is also great diversity in the attitudes of European public opinion. The presented work deals with the issue of the perception of European integration in EU countries, with the aim of evaluating to what extent the current attitude of public opinion towards European integration can be explained by the cultural-political dimension of attitudes. Factor and regression analysis were used to examine the relationships and measure the significance of the impacts. The cultural-political dimension - represented by factors such as political assessment, immigration assessment, religion and traditionalism, and emotional attachment - explains, based on the results of the regression analysis, on average 22 % of the overall attitude towards European integration. However, the values differ significantly in the conditions of individual countries. The results also questioned the attachment to the national country or the importance of religiosity and traditionalism, as important predictors in rejecting...
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The attitude of the Czech populist parties towards the European Union during the coronavirus crisis
Koryntová, Eva ; Kubát, Michal (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the approach of Czech populist political entities, the ANO 2011 movement, the Freedom and Direct Democracy movement (SPD) and the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM) to the European Union (EU) in connection with the coronavirus crisis. These parties are examined by discursive analysis based on debates of its members in the lower house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic - the Chamber of Deputies. The thesis revealed that despite the Eurosceptic nature of all examined parties, their approach to the EU was not the same. The parties that were in the reviewed period in the opposition, the SPD movement, and KSČM - were critical to the EU at almost all examined points. They asked the government to act at the national level and used nearly identical arguments. The ANO government movement had more moderate rhetoric toward the EU, and in some cases, it even positioned itself as a defender of the EU policies. The only person criticizing the EU in the ANO movement turned out to be Andrej Babiš, whose statements toward the EU became more and more acute with the upcoming elections to the Chamber of Deputies.
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Relevance of the theory of the emergence of the new "Transnational Cleavage"
Maděra, Matyáš ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Guasti, Petra (referee)
This essay compares two distinct concepts of a cleavage line - transnational and periphery- centre. The research uses the comparative method. Both concepts will first be contrasted theoretically (comparison of differing theories) and later empirically (through differences in their manifestation into political parties). The results from the comparison of several theories suggest shared traits between both theories, but with a few key differences. Based on data from European political parties, the author of this thesis concludes, that these differences are a result of incorrectly defining the concept of transnational cleavage. Firstly, the cleavage is not yet entirely formed and secondly was not the main impulse for the rise of green parties, which is the main difference between both concepts. This forming cleavage has to be distinguished from a third concept, which is a periphery-centre cleavage on the European level. Author of this essay argues that the conflict within the European Union is a result of cross-cutting between two periphery-centre cleavages on different levels. First has a global reach (which is why it's wrongly labelled as transnational), while the second is only happening in Europe. The two cleavages are distinguished by contrasting centers, but the peripheral protest against these...
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