National Repository of Grey Literature 54 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
The role of RNA demethylase FTO in differentiation, regulation of energy metabolism and sensitivity to streptozotocin of neuronal and glial cell models
Čočková, Zuzana
Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) demethylase is responsible for erasure of the most abundant epitranscriptomic mark in eukaryotic mRNA, the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) residue. Together with other m6A erasers, writers (methyltransferases) and readers it forms an m6A regulatory pathway that controls the amount, location and biological effect of m6A. The dynamic regulation of the brain's m6A methylome during neurodevelopment is essential for maintaining cerebral functions. In addition, preclinical research suggests that the m6A regulatory pathway regulates energy balance in a tissue- and cell type-specific manner. The FTO gene has been associated with lifelong risks of obesity and metabolic syndrome as well as regulation of total body energy intake and expenditure. However, little is understood about the function of the m6A pathway in control of brain energy metabolism. That is of interest in pursuit of understanding Alzheimer's disease, as this illness is characterized by profound disruptions in cerebral energy metabolism and mounting evidence suggests that disrupted brain bioenergetics may play a role in the disease's early genesis, before the appearance of clinical symptoms. In the present thesis we aimed to investigate the role of FTO in models of two brain cell types, neurons and astrocytes....
Microplastics and their effects on the metabolism of animal cells
Fiedlerová, Gabriela ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Microplastics are tiny particles smaller than 5 mm in size found in various environments, including seas, rivers and soil. These particles can be intentionally produced as part of cosmetic products or formed by the breakdown of larger plastic objects. Microplastics represent a serious threat to the environment and animals and could eventually reach humans through the food chain. This thesis deals with a critical and synthetic overview of the literature related to the influence of microplastics on the metabolism of animal cells. The thesis also considers the experimental conditions under which the data were obtained. In particular, factors such as the tested microplastics' shape, size and ageing are critically evaluated as these aspects are often neglected in the literature. Current knowledge shows that microplastics accumulate in the bodies of animals and cause physical and metabolic damage, inflammation, disruption of energy metabolism, protein metabolism and amino acid and lipid metabolism. The most serious effects of microplastics can be considered to be the formation of oxygen radicals, neurotoxicity, disruption of gametogenesis and offspring development.
The role of RNA demethylase FTO in differentiation, regulation of energy metabolism and sensitivity to streptozotocin of neuronal and glial cell models
Čočková, Zuzana ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Horák, Martin (referee) ; Balík, Aleš (referee)
Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) demethylase is responsible for erasure of the most abundant epitranscriptomic mark in eukaryotic mRNA, the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) residue. Together with other m6A erasers, writers (methyltransferases) and readers it forms an m6A regulatory pathway that controls the amount, location and biological effect of m6A. The dynamic regulation of the brain's m6A methylome during neurodevelopment is essential for maintaining cerebral functions. In addition, preclinical research suggests that the m6A regulatory pathway regulates energy balance in a tissue- and cell type-specific manner. The FTO gene has been associated with lifelong risks of obesity and metabolic syndrome as well as regulation of total body energy intake and expenditure. However, little is understood about the function of the m6A pathway in control of brain energy metabolism. That is of interest in pursuit of understanding Alzheimer's disease, as this illness is characterized by profound disruptions in cerebral energy metabolism and mounting evidence suggests that disrupted brain bioenergetics may play a role in the disease's early genesis, before the appearance of clinical symptoms. In the present thesis we aimed to investigate the role of FTO in models of two brain cell types, neurons and astrocytes....
Determinating basal metabolic rate by indirect calorimetry method
POSTL, Roman
The topic of the bachelor thesis is "Determination of resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry". The method of indirect calorimetry is considered the gold standard for determining resting energy expenditure, which can further serve as a basis for setting optimal energy intake for the design of therapeutic diets, and is often compared with predictive equations, with which the determination of resting energy expenditure is simpler and less time-consuming. Data collection was performed by quantitative methods by measuring on indirect calorimetry, assessing dietary records and completed questionnaires, and obtaining anthropometric data. The research population consisted of 10 respondents approached through mass email correspondence or in person. The main aim of the study is to compare the results of the indirect calorimetry method with the recalculated results of the Harris-Benedict predictive equation on resting energy expenditure values. A sub-objective is to map the differences in measurement results based on the diet composition of the respondents. Together with this objective, the dissimilarity of energy intake versus calculated energy requirement is mapped, and lastly, the dissimilarity of measurement results due to respondents' body composition is mapped. As a result of the research, the deviation of +-10% between the measured and calculated values of resting energy expenditure is confirmed, which is also reported by authors of publications on a similar topic. Furthermore, the research shows a deviation of 18.34% between the recorded energy intake and energy requirement with a tendency to underestimate dietary intake. The study also shows relationships between the measurement results and the percentage of diet and body composition of the respondents. The relationships are based on linear trend lines, which indicate, first - an increase in measured values with a higher proportion of protein and carbohydrate in the diet and a higher proportion of lean body mass, and second - a decrease in measured values with a higher proportion of fat in the diet and a higher proportion of adipose tissue in the body.
Úloha Adenylát kinázy 1 v aktivaci a metabolismu imunitních buněk larev \kur{Drosophila melanogaster}
KAISLEROVÁ, Nikola
The aim of this thesis was to study the role of Adenylate kinase 1 (Ak1) in the immune system of Drosophila melanogaster larvae upon the infection by parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi. Using the immune specific Ak1 RNA interference, it was analyzed the effect of Ak1 reduction on the immune response and viability of Drosophila. The importance of Ak1 was also evaluated within the metabolism of immune cells. It has been shown that Ak1 is crucial in energy metabolism of immune cells and important for the proper functioning of immune system.
Blood glucose concentration in Barn Swallow (\kur{Hirundo rustica}): sources of variability and association with fitness
VLČKOVÁ, Kamila
Glucose is an important fuel for intense activities of short duration, but in high concentration is reputed to be tissue-damaging at least in mammals. In birds, blood glucose concentration is naturally considerably higher than in other vertebrates of similar body mass. In this thesis, we focused on blood glucose concentration in the wild populations of the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica). Firstly, we investigated the level of repeatability of blood glucose concentration to find out if this trait is individual-specific and thus, it is subject to selection. Secondly, we examined which environmental and physiological variables explain variation in blood glucose level. Thirdly, we tested association of blood glucose level with fitness related traits, namely individual body mass and lifespan.
Pentoses as energy sources of Mastigamoeba balamuthi
Novotná, Monika ; Verner, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Čepička, Ivan (referee)
Mastigamoeba balamuthi is a free-living amoeba, a sister group to one of the most widespread parasitic agent Entamoeba histolytica. During its lifetime, M. balamuthi can utilize at least four different energy sources to produce ATP. In addition to glucose, a standard cultivation energy source, the amoeba can utilize pentoses xylose and arabinose, as well as an amino acid L-arginine. In this work, energy source preference was assessed. Morphological and physiological characteristics including cell growth and size, motility, number of nuclei and metabolic end products were evaluated. It was concluded that glucose appears to be a less preferred energy source than pentose upon evaluating statistically significant differences. Therefore, it was proposed to replace the commonly used hexose with the preferred xylose in the culture medium of M. balamuthi.
Brain energy metabolism and its pathologies
Nová, Jana ; Telenský, Petr (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
The brain belongs amongst metabolically most active organs and disturbances of brain energy metabolism are commonly cited as a critical factor predisposing to neurodegeneration. Brain metabolic substrates must be strictly regulated both spatially and temporarily to ensure the energy homeostasis of the brain. Research on energy metabolism of the brain identified several models revealing the interdependence of metabolic processes in the CNS. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
The role of mitochondrial metabolism in initiation and adaptation to hypoxic conditions.
Rohlenová, Terezie ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Rohlena, Jakub (referee)
We can meet pathological hypoxia in the cases of hearth attack, ischemic stroke, but also during tumor invasion, thanks to insufficient angiogenesis. The activation of HIF- 1 factor during hypoxic conditions is crucial for the cell survival. This factor modulates energetic metabolism in favor of fast progressing glycolysis (with the contribution of glutaminolysis) which provides to cell enough ATP and "building blocks", while suppressing Krebs cycle and respiration because of shortage of oxygen. The thesis studies energetic metabolism of HepG2 cells (derived from liver carcinoma) which are cultivated in the media with various energetic substrates, i. e. glucose or galactose (always together with glutamine and pyruvate) under the hypoxic conditions (5% O2). HepG2 cells use particularly oxidative metabolism for ATP and "building blocks" production under the normoxic conditions while hypoxic environment causes metabolic shift in glycemic condition. Interestingly, cells cultured in galactose (glutamine) didn't switch the energy metabolism from oxidative to aerobic glycolysis such as cells cultivated in glucose, although HIF-1 factor was stabilized. We found that enhanced activity and integrity of mitochondria, enhanced maximal capacity and reserve capacity of respiration chain correlates with...
Energy metabolism and apoptotsis markers in cold heart aclimated rat.
Pospíšilová, Barbora ; Horníková, Daniela (advisor) ; Knytl, Martin (referee)
Cold adaptation and her effects has been known for many decates. Positive or negative impact depends especially on its length and strength. The lower temperature can very often cause the stress for organism. On the other hand in expreriment with long-term adapatation were found positive consequences on cardiovascular system. We found the lack of studies devoted to the energy metabolism and apoptosis in heart tissue during long-term cold adaptation. In this work we used a model with milder conditions of the adaptation (10žC±1), so there wouldn't be damage of the experimental animals. We compared the resuls betwen control, cold and regressive group of rats. In this expreriment we used methods of electrophoresis and Western blot. The target of the work was found if we can find any differences betwen chosen HIF targeted genes. The next goal was to detect the differences betwen chosen pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers. Keywords: cold adaptation, heart, energetic metabolism, HIF, apoptosis

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