National Repository of Grey Literature 133 records found  previous11 - 20nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Mercury Film Screen-Printed Electrodes
Josypčuk, Bohdan ; Šestáková, Ivana ; Tvorynska, Sofiia
Mercury film screen-printed electrodes (MF-SPEs) were designed, prepared and tested for the first time as perspective representatives among SPEs that allow measuring at high negative potentials. For this purpose, the precise electrochemical (coulometric) preparation procedure for mercury deposition at the working electrode surface of the commercial silver-SPE was developed and a universal method of preparing MF-electrodes from different metal-SPEs was described. An optimal electrolyzer construction for the mercury deposition, electrolyte composition, electrolysis potential, and an activation of electrode surfaces were proposed. Determination of the zinc content in food supplement tablets was used for the MF-SPEs practical testing.
Electrochemical Techniques in Monitoring of Nervous System Drugs
Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Hrdlička, Vojtěch ; Skopalová, J. ; Šelešovská, R. ; Kolivoška, Viliam ; Navrátil, Tomáš
Drugs of the nervous system (ATC group N) belong generally to the most commonly (mis)used substances worldwide. Their determination and monitoring of these drugs and their metabolites in various body fluids or environmental matrices represent a challenge for analytical chemists. Our research is focused on the application of electrochemical methods in the monitoring of the most frequently prescribed and the newly introduced nervous system drugs of precisely specified structures and/or of defined properties. For toxicological and pharmacokinetic reasons, emphasis has been placed on investigating the reaction mechanisms of their metabolite formation. New or alternative to commonly used electroanalytical methods applicable for monitoring and characterization of target compounds in their pure state, in body fluids, wastewaters, and other environmental matrices, has been developed. To improve the chemometric parameters and sensing characteristics, attention was paid to the construction of new electrochemical sensors, detectors (e.g. screen-printed, 3D printed), or cells, based on (modified/unmodified) traditional or nontraditional materials, preferably usable at the point-of-care.
Differences in Electrochemical Reduction of Mono- and Polynuclear Acylgermanes
Liška, Alan ; Frühwirt, P. ; Haas, M. ; Ludvík, Jiří ; Gescheidt-Demmer, G.
Ail the studied compounds accept first electron under formation a stable anion radical. The\ncorresponding reduction potentials in aprotic media depend on electronic (inductive,\nmesomeric) properties of the substituents, their number, and position. Here, aromatic acyl group\n(benzoyl group with various substitution on aromatic ring) is the principal substituent. The\nredox properties of presented organoelement compounds with central heteroatom Ge (Si, Sn)\nare controlled by peripheral carbonyl groups (in role of redox centers), their number, and\naromatic ring substitution. The measured first reduction potentials E1 values are found in wide\nrange (> 900 mV) due to the fact that the redox centers are carbony 1 groups connected through\nheteroatom in case of acylgermanes, while for di- and trinuclear derivatives (which are\nmolecules with multiple redox centers) the easiest reducible center is the bridging aromatic unit\ninfluenced by the closest carbonyl groups. Thus, it is possible to distinguish both groups ofnonequivalent\ncarbonyl substituents.
Electrochemistry of Phospholes
Koláčná, Lucie ; Liška, Alan ; Ludvík, Jiří
Seventeen pentasubstituted phospholes with expected application in organic electronics were\nsynthesized and characterized electrochemically and by UV-vis spectra. Quantum chemical\ncalculations ofredox potentials and HOMO-LUMO energies were performed and experimental\nand theoretical data were successfully correlated. Tuning of redox properties can be achieved\nby combination of induction and resonance effects of substituents, extension / diminution of\nthe pi- delocalized system and by steric changes which affect intramolecular electron\ncommunication.
Preparation, Testing and Application of Amalgam Screen-Printed Electrodes
Josypčuk, Bohdan ; Langmaier, Jan ; Tvorynska, Sofiia
Silver amalgam screen-printed electrodes (AgA-SPEs) were designed, prepared, and tested for\nthe first time as perspective representatives among SPEs for measuring at high negative\npotentials. The precise coulometric preparation procedure for mercury deposition at the\nworking electrode surface of the commercial silver-SPE was developed. An optimal\nelectrolyzer construction for the mercury deposition, electrolyte composition, and electrolysis\nconditions were proposed. The maximum value of hydrogen overvoltage (-1979 ± 4 mV) was\nfound on AgA-SPE with 50% (w/w) of Hg content in 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH, which is more negative\nthan with the original silver-SPE for 387 mV (-1592 ± 12 mV).
Electrochemical oxidation of ibuprofen
Bolíková, Markéta ; Křížek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kozlík, Petr (referee)
- 4 - Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the electrochemical oxidation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient ibuprofen as one of the parts of the stability studies of pharmaceutical products. The task is to ensure optimal conditions for the course of electrochemical oxidation, which produces the largest percentage of degradation products, to compare the flow and static experimental setup and its effect on the result of electrochemical oxidation and to identify the resulting degradation products. The examined conditions include the pH of the buffer used to dissolve ibuprofen, the potential applied to the working electrode and the duration of oxidation. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass detection was used to separate and determine degradation products. Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 × 100 mm; 1.7 µm) was chosen as the separation column. The mobile phase consisted of an aqueous component (10mM ammonium formate with pH 3.0) and an organic component (acetonitrile). Detection was performed using a photodiode array detector at a wavelength of 222 nm and a quadrupole mass detector in the scan range m/z 50-400. The electrochemical oxidation was performed in a radial electrochemical flow cell and the conditions under which the largest percentage of degradation products formed were as...
Electrochemistry of macrocyclic complexes
Kaďorková, Veronika ; Liška, Alan (advisor) ; Kotek, Jan (referee)
The present thesis summarizes fundamental electrochemical properties of copper(II) complexes derived from three cyclame-like macrocyclic ligands. Target application of the studied complexes is radioimaging in medicine. The complexes were studied by means of DC-polarography and cyclic voltammery on mercury hanging drop electrode in buffered media (0.1M sodium acetate, pH 5) upon mixing of the ligand and copper(II) sulfate stock solutions. All three complexes undergo a single two-electron irreversible reduction process yielding free ligand and copper amalgam. The apparent thermodynamic stability of the investigated complexes (expressed as negative shift of the observed reduction potentials relatively to copper(II) sulfate) correlates to structural motifs employed in the individual ligand molecules. Presence of the bridged moiety as well as the carboxylate group seems to enhance the overall stability whereas the phenolic oxygen atoms in role of donor atoms seem to be less efficient.
Development and characterization of micro-reference electrodes for bioelectronics applications
Florian, Vojtěch ; Glowacki, Eric Daniel (referee) ; Ehlich, Jiří (advisor)
The subject of this work was the construction and long term stability measurement of micro-reference electrodes based on anodized silver wire and titanium wire with Ag/AgCl paste. A measuring apparatus, with which the long term stability was measured, was constructed as a part of this work. These days, commercial reference electrodes are available on the market. These reference electrodes are characterized by their excellent long term stability, however, they are too large and too expensive to be used in bioelectronic systems. Because of this, the science community has been trying to miniaturize reference electrodes in the past years. Without reference electrodes, it is impossible to do most electrochemical measurements. Based on the long term stability of measured samples it was determined which of the samples meet the criteria for bioelectronic measurements. It was also determined which of the studied samples were most suitable. The last result of this work is a measuring apparatus that can measure the long term stability of up to thirty-two electrodes.
Thermodynamic modelling of hydrogen fuel cells
Nováček, Marek ; Pavelka, Michal (advisor) ; Němec, Tomáš (referee)
In this thesis, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are studied. At the beginning, the ideas underlying their function are exposed and some possibilities of usage are pre- sented. Thereafter, we aim to describe the processes inside the fuel cells with the aid of thermodynamics and in agreement with constitutive relations that have been obtained experimentally. Namely, we are interested in the fluxes of water and protons inside the membrane, where they are acted upon by thermodynamic forces, and the electrochemical reactions at the electrodes, which can be described by the Butler-Volmer equations. Also do we study the efficiency of the fuel cell by evaluating the production of entropy due to the diverse processes that take place in the fuel cell. It is the goal of the computational part of this thesis to propose a zero-dimensional model and compare it with the results provided in the supervisor's doctoral thesis. 1
Electrochemical studies of the analytical utilization of self-assembled monolayers of calix[4]arene on the surface of polycrystalline gold electrode
Hrdlička, Vojtěch ; Navrátil, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jiří (referee)
This MSc. Thesis deals with electrochemical studies of the analytical utilization of self-assembled monolayers of thiolated calix[4]arene (C4A) and/or undecanthiole (C11SH) on the surface of a polycrystalline gold electrode. Hydroquinone, nitrobenzene, 2-nitrophenole and 4-nitrophenole have been used as tested model compounds. The real surface area of the electrode was determined using these two methods: From the charge of desorption peak of α-gold oxides (5.72±0.48 mm2 ) and using the Randles- Ševčík equation. (6.14±0.59 mm2 ). The preparation of the electrode consisted of polishing on alumina, immersing into piranha solution and cyclic voltammetry. The area of electrode surface was well reproducible. Stability of thiol monolayer in the area of negative potentials was tested. The C11SH layer is very stable; the desorption peak was recorded in basic solutions only (at −1.3 V vs. 3M Ag/AgCl). The position of the desorption peak of C4A is more pH dependent and it was recorded at −1.08 V at pH 13. The properties of the electrode modified by C11SH and or C4A were investigated using the model compound hydroquinone. It is assumed that the oxidation of the hydroquinone does not take place inside the C4A cavity; hence the hydroquinone molecule is too big to pass through the cavity. C11SH and C4 + C11SH act...

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