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Vliv změny stravovacího režimu na vybrané ukazatele mikrobiomu lidského trávicího traktu
Patloka, Ondřej
The literature review of this thesis discusses the intestinal microbiome of the human gastrointestinal tract. The main attention is paid to the chapters on the development of the intestinal microflora within the life stages of a person, the importance of the microbiota in terms of metabolism and influencing the health of the host, and the influence of the way of eating in terms of the intake of basic nutrients and specific food components of the diet, which can change the bacterial diversity and composition of the intestinal microflora. In the practical part, a microbiological analysis of the fecal microflora of six individuals (n=6) who underwent a weight reduction course was performed. During the experiment, 3 microbiological analyzes of the stool of the probands were performed within the monitored period, i.e. (at the beginning of the weight reduction course, at its end and in the period after the end of the weight reduction course). Microbiological analysis was performed by the plate method, where the number of KTJ/g stool of the probands was evaluated after cultivation. For each of the probands, one sample was analyzed in each phase of the experiment. For statistical evaluation, the averages of log KTJ/g from the stool of all probands within each phase of the experiment were used. At the same time, there was a detailed evaluation of the intake of basic nutrients and other food components of the diet from the dietary records of the probands within the individual periods of the experiment. At the end, a correlation analysis was performed between the observed parameters. During the experiment, there was a decrease in the intake of total carbohydrates, monoenoic and trans fatty acids (P<0.05). In the group of probands, a tendency to decrease total energy intake and increased fiber intake was also noted. As part of the reduction course, there was a decrease in the abundance of Bacteroides spp. and lactic acid bacteria (P<0.05). In contrast, the numbers of Lb were increased at the end of the reduction program. acidophilus and Lb. rhamnosus in the stool of probands (P<0.05). In addition, in the period after the end of the reduction course, there was an increase in the abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium spp. (P<0.05) and a reduction in the number of Enterococcus spp. in the proband group (P<0.05). Based on the detected changes in the abundance of the bacterial composition of the cultured taxa, a possible reduction in the body weight of the probands within the monitored experiment can be assumed.
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Stravovací návyky adolescentů
Krys, Lukáš
The bachelor's thesis deals with the eating habits of adolescents in secondary schools with a focus on gastronomy. In the theoretical part, the basic concepts related to the topic are clarified - the period of adolescence, adolescent nutrition and components of nutrition, eating behavior and eating habits of adolescents. The theoretical work also describes the environment influencing the eating habits, physical activity of adolescents and their preferences in eating. The practical part is based on the quantitative method of a questionnaire survey, where the information obtained will be used to determine whether adolescents have correct or incorrect informations and habits in the area of proper eating.
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Poruchy příjmu potravy a stravovací návyky u žáků SŠ
Zapalová, Markéta
Bachelor's thesis dealing with eating habits, nutrition and any subsequent problems that may arise from bad eating habits. It is primarily focused on eating disorders. The work is focused on high school students, i.e. on adolescents. The first chapter deals with the definition of eating habits, health and nutrition. The second chapter deals with the eating habits of adolescents and shows how the ideal diet of secondary school students should look and how it differs from the actual eating habits of students. The third chapter defines eating disorders and what disorders can be included in this category.
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Dietary habits of patients in the schizophrenic spectrum
Krůčková, Dominika ; Kalinová, Nelly (advisor) ; Pehr, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the dietary habits of schizophrenic patients and the effect of anti- inflammatory food on the levels of inflammatory markers in the blood. Patients suffering from schizophrenia are observed to have poorer eating habits compared to healthy controls. These patients are more likely to consume saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and less likely to include fruit and vegetables, unsaturated fatty acids or fibre in their diet. At the same time these patients have a higher consumption of foods involved in promoting chronic inflammation and thus possibly worsening the symptoms of the disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dietary habits of schizophrenic patients using a semi-quantitative frequency questionnaire and to compare them with a control group without a psychiatric diagnosis. Furthermore, based on the findings from the DII to select foods from the questionnaire that contain components of or are themselves included in the anti-inflammatory food index and to determine whether the frequency of consumption of these foods correlates with blood levels of inflammatory markers. According to the results of this work the diet of schizophrenic patients can be considered less healthy compared to the control group due to lower consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables,...
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NUTRITION TRENDS AND EATING HABITS OF INFANT AND TODDLERS
Bayerová, Michaela ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Fornůsek, František (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of nutrition of children from birth to 3 years. The theoretical part is dedicated to general characteristics and official recommendations in the field of infant and toddler nutrition, in particular the introduction of complementary foods and the eating behaviour that the child adopts at this age and carries over into adulthood. In view of the growing trend towards alternative diets of young children, part of this thesis has also focused on this issue, as the possible withdrawal of certain nutrients can have fatal consequences for the developing organism. The practical part focused on mapping these trends. The research was carried out quantitatively by means of a questionnaire survey, which was mainly directed at the child's general approach to nutrition and eating habits. The questionnaire was disseminated through Facebook groups that bring together parents of young children. The aim is to determine the current perception of nutrition of parents of young children, whether they follow official recommendations in terms of introducing complementary foods and what are the current nutritional habits of young children.
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Incidence of obesity in young school-age children
Balcarová, Kateřina ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Frühauf, Pavel (referee)
This master's thesis investigates the incidence of obesity in young school-age children, in two groups aged 6-8 and 10-12 years. Firstly, it summarises the current state of literature about obesity in children, secondly, the young school-age children are characterised and thirdly, it informs about healthy lifestyle in primary school lessons. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of obesity in young school-age children, to assess their eating and exercise habits and to find out if they are guided towards a healthy lifestyle during lessons. The test group included 214 participants (132 girls and 82 boys). Data collection was divided into two parts: the first part included anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist circumference) and the second part questioned children's eating and exercise habits by a survey. The results show a lower incidence of obesity in the examined group compared to the literature. However, a higher incidence of obesity in older children corresponds with existing literature. Regularity of having breakfast and consuming sweet drinks was significantly connected to the BMI Z-score value. Conversely, the association of BMI Z-score value with the distribution of physical exercise lessons (PE classes) per week was not significant. Education including healthy lifestyle...
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Dietary habits of patients suffering from IBD
Metličková, Aneta ; Kohout, Pavel (advisor) ; Šimková, Simona (referee)
This diploma thesis titled "Dietary habits of patients suffering from IBD", deals with specifics of said diseases as well as nutrition of these patients. The theoretical part touches on Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, it lists characteristics, epidemiology, possible complications and treatments of these diseases. There is a detailed description of usage of medical nutrition therapy and various diets that use to be recommended to these patients. It also presents medical nutrition therapy as an indispensable element of the process of treating these diseases. The 4 main goals I set for my thesis were as follows: to map eating habits of respondents suffering from IBD; to compare eating habits of patients suffering from IBD with those of healthy respondents; to compare eating habits of patients suffering from CD with eating habits of patients suffering from UC and lastly - to find out where respondents get their information on their disease and nutrition from. The research consisted of 12 respondents in total of which half were patients suffering from IBD and the other half were healthy individuals. The group of respondents suffering from IBD consisted of 3 CD patients and 3 UC patients. To obtain the data I used a semi-structured interview as well as dietary recall. I chose to interview only...
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