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Alpine glaciers retreat after little ice age and its relation to climate changes
Dutková, Alena ; Sládek, Ivan (advisor) ; Zelenka, Přemysl (referee)
This thesis deals with climatic changes and its influence on mountain glaciers in Alps since the little ice age to present. Knowledge published in domestic and foreign literature is applied to the example of Morteratsch glacier in swiss Alps and high elevation meteorological station Sonnblick in austrian Alps. Alpine mountain range is one of the most researched and the longest populated mountain ranges in the world. For this reasons we have for use long time period of meteorological and glaciological datasets.
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Environmental Refugees, the XXI Century Imperative Challenge
Alves Pereira, Marisa ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Salamon, Janusz (referee)
There are new challenges, facing the 21st century and one of them is the discussion around climate change and global warming. This phenomenon brings with it a deeper problem, which is the fact that millions of people have their lives strongly damaged as a consequence of the climate changes. There is no international instrument that protects these climate victims, which in this thesis are referred to as environmental refuges. This thesis focused on trying to evaluate solutions to the problem of environmental refugees. To achieve this we first had a look at the different types of forced migration since it would define which type of solution would suit this type of refugees the best. We had a look at the "Oustees" which are the people who are forced to move due to development projects in the different countries. Then we had a look at Bangladesh as one of the case studies since it is one of the countries at higher risk of suffering the adverse consequences of climate change, which forces many people to move internally or to cross the border to India. We were able to conclude that cross border migration increases tensions between countries and between social groups of the receiving communities. Since these people need protection and since these types of tensions threaten peace and security in some...
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The influence of glacial meltwater on benthic algal communities in alpine streams.
Prüherová, Alžběta ; Kulichová, Jana (advisor) ; Vinšová, Petra (referee)
The specifics of glacial streams, as streams fed and influenced by mountain glacier are very tough conditions which, in these alpine habitats, last all year long. Typical features of a glacial stream are cold temperatures, oligotrophic water, high flow rate which is connected to a very good oxygen saturation and the stream level fluctuations, not only visible during the whole year, but also in a scope of a few hours during one day. Therefore populations of organisms living in these habitats have to be sufficiently adapted to such harsh environment, in order to not just survive local harsh conditions, but effectively use them to reproduce and inhabit the limited space. This thesis is focused on benthic communities of these water bodies and is a summary of knowledge from studies done mainly in Italian, Austrian and Swiss Alps. Seasonal influence of the glacier and the influence of climate change on the fragile communities inhabiting glacial streams in higher altitudes is then discussed as well as the types of streams in the alpine zone dividing said streams into several types, first into three main types according to their water source and later on into more specific types of the Alps streams according to their bed rock and other geographic variables. Glacial streams are nowadays the subject of...
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Historical development of zooplankton of the Starolesnianske lake (the High Tatra Mountains, Slovakia) in the context of global changes
Blechová, Magdalena ; Hořická, Zuzana (advisor) ; Sacherová, Veronika (referee)
The aims of the thesis were to document the history of the Cladocera (Crustacea) community structure in the Starolesnianske Lake (the High Tatra Mountains, Slovakia) with regards to environmental changes (e. g., Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age, anthropogenic acidification, recovery from acidification), and to analyze in detail the development of zooplankton (Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera) during the peaking acidification and recovery from acidification (1978 - 2015). Based on results of both the approaches, the appropriateness of using historical data on zooplankton in Tatra lakes between 1909 - 1913 (Minkiewicz, 1914) as a reference condition for the evaluating biological recovery from acidification should have been assessed. The methods used were paleolimnological analyses of lake sediment (namely subfossil Cladocera), analysis of recent zooplankton, and analyses of lake water chemistry. It was found that in the historical record, relative abundances of Cladocera species significantly changed cca 150 years ago (at the end of the Little Ice Age and, in the main, in the period of anthropogenic acidification). The lake, though, has had a very stable species composition of Cladocera during the last cca 2,000 years, represented by four species: Alona quadrangularis, Alonella excisa, Ceriodaphnia...
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Long-term dynamics of Ledum palustre - testing the distribution model with paleoecological data
Radoměřský, Tomáš ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Petřík, Petr (referee)
On the territory of the Czech Switzerland National Park took place during the Holocene significant changes in vegetation cover to the form is most enrolled medium Holocene climatic optimum when broadleaf deciduous forests expanded into Central Europe. These transformations are caused by climatic changes. However, it started the process of soil acidification to this day that caused the other variations of the vegetation composition, even the extinction a variety of species especially in sandstone areas. In addition, in the last few centuries the human impact is graduating, which more or less of the original forests changes due to agricultural and economic reasons to breed-specific and the same-aged plantations which supports the already declining species diversity and relative abundance of the undergrowth species. This work focuses on a single species, evergreen undergrowth shrub Ledum palustre which is characterized by strong demands on its habitat and indicates the specific habitat type. It grows on the upper north-facing edges of rocks with plenty of light and humidity. At these locations stores organic material thanks the favourable hydrology. This makes possible to study the use of pollen and macroremains the paleoecology of the species. On the basis of recent occurrences and the relationships...
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Environmental Refugees, the XXI Century Imperative Challenge
Alves Pereira, Marisa ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Salamon, Janusz (referee)
There are new challenges, facing the 21st century and one of them is the discussion around climate change and global warming. This phenomenon brings with it a deeper problem, which is the fact that millions of people have their lives strongly damaged as a consequence of the climate changes. There is no international instrument that protects these climate victims, which in this thesis are referred to as environmental refuges. This thesis focused on trying to evaluate solutions to the problem of environmental refugees. To achieve this we first had a look at the different types of forced migration since it would define which type of solution would suit this type of refugees the best. We had a look at the "Oustees" which are the people who are forced to move due to development projects in the different countries. Then we had a look at Bangladesh as one of the case studies since it is one of the countries at higher risk of suffering the adverse consequences of climate change, which forces many people to move internally or to cross the border to India. We were able to conclude that cross border migration increases tensions between countries and between social groups of the receiving communities. Since these people need protection and since these types of tensions threaten peace and security in some...
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Genetically modified plants for future of globally warmed planet
Nedělová, Jana ; Opatrný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Nátr, Lubomír (referee)
Many problems which have an adverse impact on crops, come into the agriculture with global warming the planet and thus changes in regional temperature and humidity regimes. These problems will be significant especially in developing countries that are already interfered by drought and threatened by famine. Therefore major target is developing of plants resistant to these climatic changes. Only the very classical breeding doesn't clearly sufficient for these tasks. However, genetic engineering could contribute significantly by genetically modified (GM) plants. This modern breeding-cultivation technology has several advantages in comparison with traditional breeding. One of them is for example targeted and well-controlled change in genotype, which allows obtaining plants with specific desired properties.
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Alpine glaciers retreat after little ice age and its relation to climate changes
Dutková, Alena ; Sládek, Ivan (advisor) ; Zelenka, Přemysl (referee)
This thesis deals with climatic changes and its influence on mountain glaciers in Alps since the little ice age to present. Knowledge published in domestic and foreign literature is applied to the example of Morteratsch glacier in swiss Alps and high elevation meteorological station Sonnblick in austrian Alps. Alpine mountain range is one of the most researched and the longest populated mountain ranges in the world. For this reasons we have for use long time period of meteorological and glaciological datasets.
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The protection of the climate form a legal point of view
Libri Neubertová, Karin ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
The crisis of the climate is really very dangerous for the whole planet. The human activities cause that the production of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gasses is increasing. The greenhouse effect in the atmosphere is increasing, and as a result, the global temperature is rising. This can cause several problems to the humanity as well as to the rest of the planet. There is a high probability that there will be less food, sweet water, more epidemics because of rising temperatures. Some coastal parts of the earth will disappear under the seawater in the future. These are just some of the consequences of the climate change caused by human activities. We can say that the global warming exists and that the human activity according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report is the reason. As the response to the climate change many countries are implementing the requirements formulated at the Summit in Rio de Janeiro 1992 in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and in the Protocol of Kyoto for reduce the production of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. In the Protocol was formulated that the required commitments from some countries (known as Annex I countries) are 5% for average quantitative reductions in emissions from their level in 1990 to...
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Environmental changes and biostratigraphy of the Emsian-Eifelian interval (Lower-Middle Devonian) in the Prague Basin, the Basal Choteč event
Berkyová, Stanislava ; Frýda, Jiří (advisor) ; Budil, Petr (referee) ; Slavík, Ladislav (referee)
The present study focuses on the Emsian-Eifelian (Lower-Middle Devonian) carbonate sequences of the Prague Basin. The Třebotov Limestone (Daleje-Třebotov Formation) and the Choteč Limestone (Choteč Formation) and their equivalents represent the stratigraphic units studied. The main goal of this study is to characterize environmental changes, known as Basal Choteč event, that were described from the boundary interval of the Třebotov and Choteč Limestone. In order to do so, sedimentological (microfacies analysis), geochemical (δ13 Ccarb, δ18 Oapatite) and paleontological (taxonomy of conodonts) studies were carried out. Eight microfacies types of carbonate rocks were described and interpreted in this study. Beside that, massive accumulations of calcispheres, peloids, prasinophytes and occurrences of blue-green algae (Girvanella) were recorded especially in the Choteč Limestone. The multidisciplinary approach mentioned resulted in characterization of the sedimentary environment of the studied units as well as their development in time. The main result of the present study is the model of the Basal Choteč event. A hypothesis of enhanced nutrient load is suggested here as a triggering mechanism for intense micritization and peloid formation and prasinophyte blooms, which were together with greater...
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