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What is Phenomenology? The Inevitability of the Clash between Husserl and Heidegger
Kvapil, Ondřej ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Nitsche, Martin (referee)
Based on the explicit Husserl-Heidegger polemic, which concerned the ''Phenomenology'' entry for Encyclopaedia Britannica, my thesis captures conflict between the two protagonists precisely when it becomes direct. Tracing the main issues of their dispute, I will firstly demonstrate that the conflict is not a consequence of mutual misunderstanding, but rather a disagreement coming from the core itself of their respective theories. It could therefore not have been avoided. Secondly, I will show that the leading intentions of both traditional versions of phenomenology are not only irreconcilable, but essentially contradictory.
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The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou
Pivoda, Tomáš ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee) ; Pechar, Jiří (referee)
Tomáš Pivoda, The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou PhD thesis Abstract The thesis introduces for the first time in the Czech philosophical context the ontology of the French philosopher Alain Badiou, as he set it out in his fundamental work Being and Event (L'être et l'événement, 1988). It first presents the starting point of Badiou's philosophy as well as the reasons of his identification of ontology with the set theory, and it points out Badiou's importance for contemporary philosophy, especially for the so called speculative realism around Quentin Meillassoux. The main axis of the exposition is then built around Badiou's four fundamental "Ideas": the multiplicity, the event, the truths and the subject, in connection with which it is shown how Badiou constructs his conceptual apparatus out of individual axioms of the set theory, whereby he follows the basic formal definition of multiplicity based on the operator . In connection with∈ the first Idea of multiplicity, the thesis exposes - with references to Martin Heidegger and Plato - Badiou's conceptual transposition of the couple one/multiple on the couple existence/being and defines the fundamental concepts of his ontology - the situation, the presentation, the representation and the void, with the help of which Badiou interprets...
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The Meaning of the Question of Being: An Interpretation of an intrinsic Connection between Being and the No-thing in Heidegger's What is Metaphysics?
Kvapil, Ondřej ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
This paper deals, building on a ground defined by Heidegger's What is Metaphysics?, with a single question: in what sense do being and the no-thing belong together? This question is being addressed at two parallel levels. Based on a detailed interpretation of key text passages that have often been examined insufficiently due to their lack of accessibility, it aims to gain a complex insight into the issue and interpret it in its many nuances of meaning. At the same time, its aim is to articulate a general philosophical significance of the intrinsic connection between being and the no-thing; to what extent it affects the innermost intention of Heidegger's fundamental ontology as such, i.e. raising the question of the meaning of being. The paper builds on a phenomenological description of the original experience of the no-thing and captures a transformation of a human being into a pure Da-sein, which he goes through during this experience. Since the experience of the no-thing according to Heidegger is identical to the basic mood of dread, this piece of work depicts it in relation to seemingly similar, but in their meaning actually opposite moods: fear and, most importantly, abysmal boredom. Subsequently, it puts forward an interpretation of the no-thing's own ontological significance and thus...
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Phenomenon of Music. Music in context of fundamental motives of Heidegger's early thinking
Výravský, Vojtěch ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Novotný, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis is an attempt to put the topic of music into context of Martin Heidegger's early and partially middle thinking. It proceeds mainly from two impulses: firstly from Heidegger's claim of overcoming the aesthetical, i.e. the metaphysical conception of the work of art, secondly from the big question mark above the empty space through which is the music in Heidegger's penetrating thinking of the essence of art present. In the first part the thesis shows reasons, why is Heidegger calling for the overcoming of the aesthetics, and tries to show the hidden assumptions in which the aesthetics always moves and which darken the original attitude to the work of art which means also to the music. We shows mainly three of them: the scheme of subject and object, the scheme of form and matter and approaching the work of art as an object (Gegenstand) of presentation (Vorstellung). In the second part of the thesis we are attempting to overcoming this schemes through the way of phenomenological revealing of the essential structures of music. An important clue to this is the phenomenon of touch. This leads to the comprehension of music as the manner of "Being-in-the-world" which is constituted by three moments: attunement (Stimmung), understanding and discourse (Rede). Thus shows music itself as an...
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What is Phenomenology? The Inevitability of the Clash between Husserl and Heidegger
Kvapil, Ondřej ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Nitsche, Martin (referee)
Based on the explicit Husserl-Heidegger polemic, which concerned the ''Phenomenology'' entry for Encyclopaedia Britannica, my thesis captures conflict between the two protagonists precisely when it becomes direct. Tracing the main issues of their dispute, I will firstly demonstrate that the conflict is not a consequence of mutual misunderstanding, but rather a disagreement coming from the core itself of their respective theories. It could therefore not have been avoided. Secondly, I will show that the leading intentions of both traditional versions of phenomenology are not only irreconcilable, but essentially contradictory.
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Man as a person/time/freedom
MRÁZOVÁ, Vlasta
The thesis is divided into six chapters. In the first part, man and time were interested i philosophy. In the second part, we dealt with human being and human existence. In the third chapter we deal with context of time and history and their importance for man and human society. The fourth chapter tries to capture the meaning of human existence and follows another chapter that tries to find out possible causes that can lead to a loss of meaning of life. The last part, devoted to free time a leisure education, aimed to show the possibilities and limits of a free time educator in helping to meaningfully live.
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Secretiveness and processuality of the Game
Skořepová, Kateřina ; Chavalka, Jakub (advisor) ; Petříčková, Taťána (referee)
Kateřina Skořepová Předmětnost a procesualita hry, Praha 2018 ANNOTATION The idea of a game as a limited space used mainly for fun, leisure or a purposeful instrument is quite limited. From this definition of the vast phenomena of games and play, it is impossible to recognize what else playfulness can offer. By differentiating the subject of the game from the gaming process itself, allows perceiving the general concept of game in a new light. Such a deviation from the generally accepted interpretation of what game is and what playing is, enables the perception of playfulness as a principle in the same way as Greek and modern philosophers described the principle of being. Utilizing this new view we can change the perception of values in everyday life and transform the way we perceive own being. KEY WORDS Game, play, processuality, paidia, world, being
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Existentialism and its conception of man
RAPČANOVÁ, Anna
The diploma thesis examines the specific work of Albert Camus and Gabriel Marcel, focusing on the question of human values. The aim is to show two forms of existential philosophy concerning human existence in their chosen dramas. The work is divided into chapters. In the first chapter we can find the basic characteristics of existentialism and its development. The second and third chapter deals with Camus' and Marcel's conception of philosophy. In these chapters will present the Camus' problem of suicide, revolt, absurd and sense of being. In the case of Marcel will be dealt with the issue of duality of being and have, relationship I-You, love, hope, death, freedom and faith. Diploma thesis results in subsequent chapters where you can find comparison existential themes in the works of authors.
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