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An external pulse generator for neuromodulation
Flídr, Lukáš ; Čech, Petr (referee) ; Chmelař, Milan (advisor)
The main objective of this work is to explain and familiarize with neuromodulation, its use and possibilities of its application in current medicine. It will also focus on the basic configuration and the block concept of an external generator and the time courses of the generator are described. In the first phase the base of neuromodulation is explained, then the main application, the implementation of this technology and the possibility of its application in modern medicine. Further to the work we will find an overview of equipment used for neuromodulation. The other part is focused on a design of an external generator using a MOTOROLA Nitron HC08 series microcontroller, its configuration and finally description of the time courses (impulses) from the device, that are used for neuromodulation.
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External pulse generator for neuromodulation
Flídr, Lukáš ; Říčný, Václav (referee) ; Chmelař, Milan (advisor)
This thesis deals with the treatment of chronic pain by using neuromodulation, where a external generator is used in a trial period. In the first section the principle of pain management is described and then the main nature of neuromodulation. The possibilities of chronic pain suppression are described, where we are mainly dealing with neurostimulation (stimulation with electric current). For better understanding, examples of neurostimulation usage are shown, where and in what problems it is used. Because this work deals with an external generator for a trial period (a trial system), the possibilities of testing electric impulses are described, which are then used in a implantable generator IPG. The requirements for such a external generator are also described, which are important for the design of such a device. The design of the device is firstly modeled by a block scheme, where function of the separate blocks is described and afterwards, the entire design of the external generator for neuromodulation is given. The test sample of the external generator is manufactured and tested.
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Genetic factors in the etiology of migraine
Skoblíková, Daniela ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Mravec Bencúrová, Dominika (referee)
Migraine is a chronic condition with a significant prevalence in the human population- Its aetiology involves a combination of both environmental and genetic factors; however, the primary cause is still not entirely clear. The pathophysiological mechanism of the brain, which forms the basis of migraine aura, is considered to be a transient wave of neuronal depolarization in the cortex, known as cortical spreading depression (CSD). Despite considerable discrepancies, there is a wealth of information on suspected or already identified genes whose mutations could potentially be responsible for initiating the migraine state. Currently, there are three recognized responsible genes that have been identified through classical linkage analysis. All three known FHM mutations encode mechanisms that affect ion transporter: the CACNA1A, ATP1A2, and SCN1A genes. Their dysfunction ultimately leads to an increase in neuronal excitability. Pathogenic variants in other genes, such as PRRT2, PNKD, SLC2A1, SLC1A3, SLC4A4, and KCNK18, have also rarely been found in HM. Keywords: migraine, genetic factors, pain, aura
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Individual possibilities of involvement of relaxation techniques in rehabilitation care of patients after implantation of a total hip joint endoprosthesis
Gallová, Iveta ; Strnad, Pavel (advisor) ; Mahrová, Andrea (referee)
Title: Individual possibilities of involving relaxation techniques in the rehabilitation care of patients after implantation of a total hip joint endoprosthesis Objectives: The goal of the thesis is to offer to individual probands the possibility of including relaxation techniques in therapy, beyond the scope of normal rehabilitation after implantation of a total hip joint endoprosthesis. Methods: The diploma thesis is of a theoretical-empirical nature and is conducted as qualitative research. The monitored group consisted of 4 people - 3 women and 1 man, aged 50 to 55 years, all after primary implantation of a total hip joint endoprosthesis, who were hospitalized in the hospital's rehabilitation department for 3 weeks. The research part of the thesis was focused on the inclusion of exercises with elements of relaxation techniques in the therapy of individual probands. The intervention was an individually designed exercise using elements of relaxation techniques for individual probands. The structure of this exercise changed during the research depending on the fitness of the probands and their current physical and psychological state. The following methods were used for data collection: semi-structured interview, taking anamnesis, inspection, palpation, measurement of joint ranges according to the...
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Psychological aspects of pharmacological pain management in palliative care
Trefná, Klára ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
This thesis deals with the psychological phenomena that are associated with the pharmacological pain management in a context of palliative care. The issue involves patient himself, but also a caregiver and a medical staff. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with pain and pharmacological pain management from a psychological point of view and focuses on a problematic attitude toward opioids. This thesis is based on the latest scientific findings by Czech and international researchers. This thesis also includes a research plan, which deals with the psychological factors that affect the attitude toward opioids in Czech environment.
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Pain in patients with multiple sclerosis
Paulů, Kateřina ; Novotná, Klára (advisor) ; Grosserová, Barbora (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of pain in patients with multiple sclerosis. The aim of the thesis is to map the prevalence of pain among patients with multiple sclerosis, its localization, time course, triggering factors, type, character, intensity and some other aspects pain through a shortened Czech form of the standardized questionnaire of McGill University. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the issue of pain in general, but also focuses on the individual types of pain that are characteristic of multiple sclerosis. The practical part relies on data collection by means of a questionnaire survey that focuses on mapping the prevalence of pain, its location, haracter, duration, intensity and other possible related factors. To collect data, I used a shorter form of the Czech version of the standardized McGill University questionnaire. The questionnaire survey was carried out with patients of the Centre for Demyelinating Diseases, Department of Neurology 1. LF UK and VFN in Prague, who were given a paper questionnaire. The information I obtained was processed into graphs and tables. The results showed that pain is present in 60 % of respondents with multiple sclerosis, most often localized in the spine and lower limbs. The intensity of...
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Hospital
Vlachová, Sandra ; Písaříková, Jana (referee) ; Kvíčala, Petr (advisor)
My Bachelor's thesis is called Hospital. It contains my memories, that I written down during my hospitalization, and then brought to life on the canvas. The main theme are the painful thoughts that ran thought my mind while I was in the hospital. My thesis presents a diary record, which serves as a main source of inspiration for my paintings, as well as a technical record. The main point of my thesis is the subsequent trauma - dealing with the scars, accepting yourself. From the beginning of my studies, I have been devoted to the motifs of architecture, clean and clear colors with fine lines and geometric shapes. My work was very precise and delicate. Now I present the theme of the hospital, connecting my interest in architecture with more personal themes. My stay in the hospital, trauma, and pain. Which reminds me of the book Umlčené tělo (Murphy 2001), which contains and incredible story about the author's life before and after his illness. This book has been a great inspiration to me.
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Factors affecting prevalence of pain among European population
Míšková, Markéta ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Žejglicová, Kristýna (referee)
Pain is a part of many people's lives and can also affect them in significant ways. This paper examined various factors that are related to the prevalence of pain in the European population. The aim was to identify these factors and describe the differences between the population groups. The analyses involved individuals aged 20 years and older who participated in the 2019 European Health Interview Survey. The association between selected demographic, sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as between lifestyle factors and pain prevalence, was analyzed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. Attention was also paid to the relationship between mental health and pain prevalence. It was found that women are more prone to the occurrence of pain as well as persons of advanced age. Although married people show a lower risk of suffering from pain, the impact of living with a partner on the incidence of pain is quite contradictory. The association between this variable and pain prevalence varies depending on control variables. More educated persons are less likely to report prevalence of pain. In turn, unhealthy lifestyle activities, other than alcohol consumption, are considered to be risk factors. Also, individuals with severe symptoms of depression have a higher likelihood of...
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