National Repository of Grey Literature 48 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Vláknité mikromycety (plísně) a jejich biotechnologické využití
Beniačová, Michaela
The bachelor thesis focuses on filamentous micromycetes and their biotechnological utilization. This paper describes the nutrition, morphology, sexual and asexual reproduction of filamentous micromycetes and the optimal conditions for their growth and habitat. Following sections also contain the taxonomic distribution and characteristics of important species along with their short morphological description. The second part of the thesis categorizes and describes biotechnologies, following usage of filamentous micromycetes in the food, agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, this part touches utilization for environmental protection and use of industrially made substances produced by the metabolism of fungi.
CECE 2023. 18th International Interdisciplinary Meeting on Bioanalysis
Foret, František ; Lavická, Jana ; Přikryl, Jan
This year the Proceedings included abstracts of 27 oral and 33 poster presentations. The attached conference proceedings, edited by highly cited scientists, documents the quality of the meeting. Similarly to the previous years the lectures were given by outstanding, highly cited, scientists. The list of speakers as well as more detailed information about the conference can be found on its permanent web at www.ce-ce.org.
Molekulárně-biologická diagnostika lidských polyomavirů
Ryšavá, Markéta
Most of the human population encounters human polyomaviruses during childhood, when the first infection is asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. However, these viruses persist in the human body and most often, they reactivate during immunosuppression. Together with JC virus reactivation, the progressive multifocal encephalopathy is associated. Hemorrhagic cystitis is associated with BK virus, resulting in the loss of allograft during kidney transplantation. Accurate diagnostics can detect viruses in a timely manner and mitigate tissue damage. This diploma thesis deals with biotechnologies, which can be used in virus detection with a focus on real time PCR, which is the gold standard in virus diagnostics. The literary research summarizes basic information about polyomaviruses with a focus on human BKV and JCV polyomaviruses. It summarizes the biotechnological methods used for detection of polyomaviruses, both in routine diagnosis and in alternative approaches involving biosensors and CRISPR. The experimental part of the work includes the design of a detection system for polyomaviruses from in silico genome analysis, through the design of potential primers, to theoretical specificity analysis. The practical part of the work compares the efficiency and sensitivity of amplification of two reaction mixtures, where one is intended for simple systems and the other for multiplexes. It also includes testing of selected additives of PCR and determining the sensitivity and validity parameters of the reaction mixture test selected for PCR system development. The results showed that detection using a multiplex reaction mixture is sufficiently sensitive, as it meets the conditions and requi-rements of clinical recommendations and at the same time shows very good values of sensitivity and specificity of the test comparable to published technologies. This reaction mixture appears to be relevant to the use of the development and optimization of a PCR system for the detection of polyomaviruses.
Coordination of growth and cell cycle progression in green algae
IVANOV, Ivan
Within the past century microalgae have gained importance both as model organisms in cell cycle research and as a biotechnological platform for the production of a variety of economically important compounds. This thesis examines the coordination of growth and cell cycle progression in green algae and attempts to explore the biotechnological relevance of some of the findings. Furthermore, the applicability of confocal Raman microscopy for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of storage biomolecules during the course of the cell cycle of Desmodesmus quadricauda is also investigated. Temperature and light shift experiments showed that there is no direct correlation between growth and cell cycle progression in D. quadricauda. Further analysis revealed that supraoptimal temperature has a profound effect on the cell cycle of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii causing a block in cell division, increase of cell size and over accumulation of starch. Starch production through supraoptimal temperature was successfully demonstrated in pilot scale experiments, however it was estimated that light availability within the culture poses a major limiting factor. Confocal Raman microscopy was successfully applied for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of storage biomolecules including starch, lipids, polyphosphates and guanine.
Potential and limits of cultivation of brackish and freshwater populations of tubular morphotypes of Ulva (Ulvophyceae) in food industry or biotechnologies
Kantnerová, Veronika ; Neustupa, Jiří (advisor) ; Hejduková, Eva (referee)
The green macroalgae from genus Ulva are commonly used in biotechnology as a source of biomass for the production of biofuels or in bioremediation, but mostly for processing in food industry in Asia and other coastal regions. Within Europe, these algae belong to the so-called "approved novel food", however the species which are mainly used have the leaf-like morphology and they are usually imported, so the usage of local European resources is relatively very low. However the tubular morphotypes of the genus Ulva (originally included in the genus Enteromorpha) might probably be an equally promising source of biomass for the use in food industry and other sectors. They show high resistence to wide range of abiotic conditions and they occur not only in marine localities, but also in brackish or even freshwater ecosystems. Considering this, they seem to be a promising source for processing in Central Europe as well. In this study were isolated and cultivated two populations of the genus Ulva typical for the tubular morphotypes. One was from brackish locality in the Baltic sea (Ulva flexuosa) and one from freshwater locality in Czech Republic (Ulva pilifera). The aim was to evaluate their cultivation potential for their potential use in food industry. Their growth rates were observed during the...
Use of molecular techniques to characterize yeasts of the genus Metschnikowia
Schneiderwindová, Nicole ; Brázda, Václav (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of implementation and use of molecular methods for the characterization of yeasts of the genus Metschnikowia and the application of methods in biotechnology or the food industry. The theoretical part focuses on a brief description of yeast, specially selected species that were used during the practical part of the work, the possibilities of their use, and especially on a detailed description of all molecular techniques used. The practical part focuses on the optimization of the molecular methods, namely the method of pulsed gel electrophoresis and the method of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Initially, yeast was cultured under optimal conditions that are specific to this genus. Furthermore, their DNA was isolated using isolation techniques, which were subsequently processed using PFGE and PCR–DGGE methods. The DNA isolation procedure needed to be optimized the most. Several optimizations of the concentration of lysis enzymes, especially the lyticase enzyme, were performed. It was also necessary to determine the correct ratio of low-melting agarose and isolated DNA, which was essential for the correct consistency of the isolated DNA blocks and their further application in PFGE analysis. Finally, the PFGE method was optimized, which brought the correct distribution of chromosomes, and it was possible to describe the individual chromosomes according to their size according to the standard used CHEF of the yeast Hansenula wingei. To properly optimize the DGGE analysis process itself, it was first necessary to isolate the yeast DNA using a kit, then it was used as a template for the PCR reaction. The annealing temperature was also optimized for the individual groups of primers. The amplicons obtained by this reaction were separated by the DGGE method. This technique mainly required the optimization of basic parameters such as the range of the denaturation gradient or the total separation time. According to the measurement results, it can be determined that the process of yeast DNA isolation and their subsequent analysis using molecular methods of pulsed gel electrophoresis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was successful. We were able to describe the genome and determine the number of chromosomes in all used yeast species of the genus Metschnikowia at least partially.
Preparation of strategy for studying interaction of human constitutive androstane receptor with steroid receptor coactivator-1
Šachová, Ivana ; Martin, Jan (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Candidate: Ivana Šachová Supervisors: PharmDr. Jan Martin, PhD., Dipl. Ing. Mgr. Ferdinand Molnár, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Preparation of strategy for studying interaction of human constitutive androstane receptor with steroid receptor coactivator-1 The aim of this study was to express wild type and mutated synthetic human SRC1 central domains in E. coli BL21 DE3 cells. Expressed recombinant proteins were purified afterwards and used for investigation of SRC1-CAR protein interaction using pull down experiments. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a nuclear receptor (NR), is a transcriptional regulator, which influences the expression of various proteins, such as enzymes of biotransformation and transporters important for metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous compounds. CAR can be fully active only in presence of coactivators, such as steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC1). The most important fragment of SRC1 for binding to NRs is the central domain, made of three α-helical Leu-X-X-Leu-Leu (LXXLL) L1, L2, L3 motifs, in where L is a leucine and X represents any amino acid. hSRC1, as well as hCAR, can be successfully produced by expression of cDNA of interest in E. coli strains. In case of SRC1,...
Teaching Biotechnology at Secondary School
Ouřadová, Věra ; Čížková, Věra (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
Biotechnology accompanies human society from its distant past and certainly will have a major impact on its future. For this reason, young people should become familiar with biotechnology in matters of its nature, potential and risks, not only through the media, but also and particulary in context of school education. This work is dedicated to teaching of biotechnology at the secondary level, and its first objective is to characterise its current state. For this purpose an analysis of curriculum and textbooks of secondary level was performed and indicative survey of knowledge of biotechnology and attitudes towards it among students aged 14-19 years was conducted. The second goal is to propose a possible way of including biotechnology topics in education, firstly as a part of school curriculum, and furthermore through educational materials oriented on the practical work of students connected with active knowledge acquisition and shaping their attitude towards it.
Stress responses in Rhodococcus strains
Křenková, Lucie ; Pátek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
Throughout the evolution, bacteria developed ingenious mechanisms which help them survive and grow in harsh conditions, where extreme temperatures, pH, changing water and osmotic activity occurs. Rhodococcus sp. cope with these conditions so efficiently they are able to grow in the presence of toxic compounds. Large genome of Rhodococcus sp. consists of a great amount of genes involved in a broad spectre of catabolic pathways. To use these skills in biotechnology, it is necessary to know stress response mechanisms well. In response to the changing environment Rhodococcus sp. use transcriptional regulators, two-component system and RNA polymerase sigma factors to tune the expression profiles of the genes. The upregulation of chaperons, chaperonins and proteases is the main pattern followed in most of the stress responses. Vast majority of stress responses is complex and groups of genes to react on them interfere too. Thus, it is very difficult to interpret the data of these studies. However, the great importance of understanding these mechanisms is unquestionable. Key words: stress response, bacteria, Rhodococcus, biotechnology, degradation, toxic compounds, sigma factor

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