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Hidden cultural values of the protected areas
Fišer, J. ; Novák, David ; Šmejda, L.
The cultural character of the landscape stems not only from its current economic structure but also from the anthropogenic past reflected in numerous relics, which show that people in the past also used the part of the landscape that is now protected for its natural values. However, the intensity of these activities was linked to general settlement strategies with a strong respect to the geomorphological characteristics of the landscape. Large-scale protected natural areas are characterised by exceptional landscape features or significant natural values. Even in these parts of the landscape, past human influence was significant and left its traces. The intensity and specifics of this influence are presented in the paper on the basis of archaeological data. The archaeological data were processed into a grid whose values are related to the number of archaeological periods present in the given area. The protected landscape was used by people rather sporadically and the increase in activity can only be associated with the mediaeval and modern periods. Areas of the unprotected landscape were more intensively used in the past. However, the explanation for the difference is not based on social preferences but on the geomorphological structure of the protected landscape and its associated settlement history.
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Several notes on the tombstones from the Early and beginning of the High Middle Ages
Podhorský, Jan
In the past, collective works gathering knowledge scattered in sources of various kinds and the publication of new researches as well as researches already closed but not yet published significantly contributed to the expansion of knowledge about tombstones from the Early and beginning of the High Middle Ages. From the territory of Bohemia and Moravia, 83 localities from 72 cadastral areas are already known with documented or probable finds of tombstones from the Early Middle Ages. An interesting and as yet unexplained phenomenon is the noticeably higher incidence of tombstones in Bohemia (72 localities) in comparison with the situation in the territory of Moravia (11 localities). Despite the growing number of newly discovered sites with finds of tombstones from the Early Middle Ages, some other aspects of the study of this phenomenon remain difficult to explain. Especially in relation to the continuation of their occurrence also at the beginning of the High Middle Ages, when the complication is mainly an insignificant manifestation of the funeral rite, on the basis of which a more accurate chronological classification would be possible. The question of the occurrence of undecorated tombstones in the High Middle Ages is resolved using the example of rather unique documents, which, however, manifest an uncertain chronological affiliation. On the other hand, the situation documented during research at Mariánská louka (Marian Meadow) in Děčín suggests that the use of undecorated tombstones may not have been unusual even in the 14th century. The described examples further address the possibilities of a rather exceptional use of tombstones in the milieu of the social elites, where, however, the potential of the preservation of tombstones in the primary position and their identification is complicated by frequent translations of the remains and construction interventions. A significant expansion of existing knowledge is provided by the current research of the defunct medieval burial ground in the locality of Nesvětice (cadastral district Libkovice u Mostu) dated preliminary to the 11th–13th centuries, where the largest collection of tombstones on our territory comes from. The significance of this research lies primarily in the scope of the researched area, where the number of exposed graves with tombstones sheds new light on the study of this component of the funeral rite.
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Research contacts between Bohemia and Moravia. Contribution to the mutual cooperation of Innocenc Ladislav Červinka and Kliment Čermák
Velímský, Filip
Kliment Čermák, the archaeologist and museum curator in Čáslav, established and during his lifetime maintained relatively abundant contacts with a number of personalities from the Moravian archaeological community. The contribution provides a partial overview of these contacts with individual researchers, especially with Innocenc Ladislav Červinka, while is primarily based on the preserved correspondence and manuscripts stored as part of Čermák's estate in the Literary Archive of the Museum of Czech Literature in Prague, the Archive of the Municipal Museum and Library in Čáslav and the State District Archive in Kutná Hora. The contribution also includes the information about the mutual publication of texts on the pages of the periodicals of the Museum and Patriotic Society „Včela Čáslavská“, the Patriotic Museum Society in Olomouc and the Moravian Archaeological Club.
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Design of Archaeological Detector
Šimková, Hana ; Tauber, Jiří (referee) ; Rajlich, Jan (advisor)
The theme of this bachelor thesis is a design of archaeological detector. The main goal is to design a compact device that meets all the ergonomic and technical requirements, while offering an innovative approach to the final shape. The resulting device stems from analysing the products on current market and determining their problems. The main benefit of this thesis is an original approach to the shaping, that allows a new way of using the detector.
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Geophysical prospection of Early Medieval settlements
Marešová, Barbora ; Valenta, Jan (advisor) ; Vošvrdová, Eliška (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on geophysical prospecting within non-destructive archaeology. To successfully carry out a geophysical survey on an archaeological site, it is important to understand the physical principles of the methods used as well as the history and characteristics of the site. This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of this problem. The literature review begins with an explanation of the physical parameters that form the basis of geophysical prospecting, followed by an overview of the methods used for geophysical surveys. Finally, a practical example of geophysical prospecting is presented on the Praha-Královice site. The methodology, data processing, and interpretation of the results are also described in detail. The exploratory part of the thesis discusses how this prospecting led to the discovery of new information about the site, including the position and size of the medieval rectory. Additionally, this thesis provides a comparison of this prospecting with other published geophysical surveys of archaeological sites. Key words: geophysics, electromagnetic induction measurements, GPR, early Middle Ages, archaeology, Praha-Královice, rectory
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The Angel of the Lord Went Out and Slew 185,000 - Theology 2 Kings 18-20
Luštinec, Vít ; Čapek, Filip (advisor) ; Sláma, Petr (referee)
Te biblical verses of 2 Kings 18-19 mention the military campaign of King Sennacherib of Assyria against Judah in the late 8th century BC. After conquering the fortifed cities of Judah, Sennacherib sent an ar- my with envoys from Lachish to Jerusalem, the seat of King Hezekiah. Te Judean king cries out to the Lord to spare the city. God hears Hez- ekiah's prayer and sends an angel who slaughters 185,000 men in the Assyrian camp, and Sennacherib returns to the capital of his empire, Nineveh, where he dies. Te aim of this paper is to compare the texts of the Book of Kings with other biblical and extra-biblical sources and to separate the historical and theological accounts of the verses on the basis of their comparison. Keywords: Book of Kings, Judea, Israel, Sennacherib, Neo-Assyrian Empire, Hezekiah, Old Testament, Deuteronomistic Teology, Archaeology, Herodotus
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Archeology in the area of Svět and Opatovický ponds in Třeboň city. Localization of the former Svinen's suburb of Třeboň and the extincted Opatovice village.
RYCHLÍK, Martin
This work is about archaeological insight into vanished suburban areas and villages, which are today on the bottom of lakes Svět and Opatovický rybník. The theoretical part tells about the history of town Třeboň and the manor and estate of Třeboň in the medieval times and in the early modern period. The main part of the work is about the archaeological insight into vanished suburban area Svinen of Třeboň and about the medieval vanished village Opatovice. The goal of the work is to give a complex overview of the localities from historical and archaeological point of view. There is an evidence of everyday life and culture of the described environment found in the archives, historical records, older and newer archaeological research and its analysis. The work also shows the state of the archaeological research in the vanished villages on the bottoms of nowadays lakes. In the work there is used induction and deduction, transcription, description, comparation, synchronic approach, analysis of the artefacts and following synthesis of observation. For the non-destructive archaeological prospection of the locality, the method of surface artifact collection, metal detector prospection, magnetometric measurement and visual survey of the locality were used. For maps was used the ArcGIS software. Attachments: maps and photographs of the localities, photographs of the prospection of the localities, photographs and drawings of the archaeological foundings, tables and graph.
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Anthracological analyses of sets of the Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages from South Bohemia and the transformation of the landscape
HRABÁKOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of this thesis is to analyze anthracological material from selected archaeological sites of the Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages from South Bohemia. The results of this analysis then will be compared with the results of pollen analyses, that were done in the monitored area in the monitored time period. The last step will be to put into context the results of the anthracological analyses with the archaeological context of selected sites. Based on these results and comparisons, it should by possible to create a model of how the landscape of South Bohemia could change during medieval colonization dependeing on the needs of medieval human.
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Macro-remains analysis of the Late Bronze Age settlement in Březnice (Tábor)
ŠÁLKOVÁ, Tereza
This article presents the results of the macro-remains analysis of the Late Bronze age settlement in Březnice of the excavation in the year 2006. The macro-remains of cultivated plants were found in the form of legumes (lentil, pea, vetch, broad bean) as were four species of wheat (wheat, spelta, emmer, einkorn) and seed of barley and millet. A few small oat and rye grains present in the analysed samples were probably only weeds. This collection is valuable because of species variety of cultivated plants is broad and number of others macro-remakes high.
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