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Effectiveness of Countering Violent Extremism and De-radicalisation Strategy: A comparative analysis between the United States and the United Kingdom
Islam, Md Badrul ; Fitzgerald, James (advisor) ; Kaczmarski, Marcin (referee) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
Different states have taken a significant number of countering violent extremism and de-radicalisation strategies all over the world. However, the effectiveness of these policies does not discuss so much. Sometimes governments claim success regarding their strategies. Nevertheless, these claims are questionable because of the lack of empirical evidence. The literature on CVE significantly highlights the importance of CVE campaigns with different programmes: de-radicalisation, disengagement, rehabilitation, and reintegration. However, the research on the evaluation of CVE and de- radicalisation programme around the world is limited. Therefore, this research has tried to contribute to this issue. This research has used the comparative case study method and selected the cases of the CVE and de-radicalisation strategies of the United States and the United Kingdom. This research finds that both US and UK CVE strategies predominantly focus on the Muslim, which stigmatised the Muslim community and reinforced Islamic stereotypes. Therefore, it creates 'Muslim' as a 'suspect community' that is alienating Muslims. For the US case, the right-wing extremism is increasing especially against Muslim and Jewish religious figures and institutions, but the government are giving less attention to this issue. The...
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The media coverage of the Gulf War in contemporary news
Štěpánek, Jan ; Horký, Petr (advisor) ; Chrenčík, Roman (referee)
The thesis will deal with the 1991 Gulf War conflict, the reason for the occurrence of this series of events, the consequences caused, and above all the course of this power struggle from the point of view of the media environment. The core of the thesis will be an analysis of the domestic and foreign press during the conflict. This analysis will also compare the change in the attitude of the media and also the attitude of the military towards the media. This approach will be compared to previous conflicts, which include the Vietnam War, and will shed light on the possible changes that have occurred over time. The thesis will aim to introduce the reader to the conflict itself, presenting a comprehensive view of the selected contemporary press, focusing on Czech and American sources. The periodicals analyzed will be Red Law and The Washington Post from the period January 17, 1991 - February 28, 1991.
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Assessing Tsai Ying-Wen's strategy in the South China Sea
Gragnani, Lucia ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
Taiwan has been generally considered a moderate player in the South China Sea's tense waters. Despite its low-profile policy, the Republic of China (ROC) has one of the most extensive territorial claims in the South China Sea, in accordance with its 1947 Constitution. The ROC's South China Sea policy is influenced by Cross-Strait relations, which are the main concern of any ROC administration. This thesis investigates Tsai Ying-wen's approach to the South China Sea by examining its interaction with the One China principle and looking at its interplay with the New Southbound Policy. It finds that Tsai Ying-wen's administration has further de-emphasized Taiwan's claims over the area, for both domestic and international reasons. This approach strategically fosters the maintenance of the status quo and paves the way for strengthening ties with Southeast Asian countries and maintaining the United States' support, partially confirming Waltz's neorealist approach.
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Artificial Intelligence as the upcoming Revolution in Military Affairs. The Cases of the United States and China through the lens of Strategic Culture
Macagno, Vittorio ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Špelda, Petr (referee)
Artificial intelligence is nowadays a key element in many people's everyday life. Since its beginning, this technology has grown leaps and bounds, drastically revolutionizing everything it has touched throughout its developing process. Arguably, every aspect of society has more or less been impacted by artificial intelligence. Military affairs do not appear to be immune to this, with many examples of this technology's implementation in this field appearing more and more. However, it appears likely that the effects experienced so far by countries' military affairs are still quite limited, with the technological potential of artificial intelligence bound to drastically change military affairs altogether. So much so that it can be even argued that artificial intelligence has the potential to completely revolutionize them. For this reason, one may argue that this technology could be the upcoming Revolution in Military Affairs. This thesis will look into this specific idea, aiming to prove that the world is witnessing the coming of a new Revolution in Military Affairs, based on artificial intelligence. To verify this idea, the methodology this work will make use of consists of taking all of the three levels of war one by one, to then analyze the revolutionary potential that AI has in transforming each...
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Russia and the EU: Oil and Gas as a Source of Power
Medvedeva, Diana ; Baštář Leichtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Kučerová, Irah (referee)
This thesis is focused on the analysis of the Russian strategic narratives through the prism of two Russian energy projects - Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream. News from two Russian mass media (Channel One and RIA Novosti) is the object of analysis. With the help of this work, it can be answered what strategic narratives Russia was using from 2015 to 2021 and how Russia perceive itself internally. Moreover, this work can demonstrate how Russia sees its relationship with the EU as the end customer of Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream.
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The Policy of Affirmative Action at American Universities: Perspective of the Supreme Court 1978-2003
Mertová, Viktorie ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
U. S. universities often apply affirmative action approach in admissions procedure, that is to say, they give preferential treatment to racial or ethnic minority applicants. There are several reasons for this policy. First, in the 1960s, the federal government instructed all the federal contractors to take an affirmative action to ensure that minorities were not discriminated against. Second, universities attempt to create a diverse student body which is supposed to produce educational benefits and raise the quality of education. The affirmative action programs cause a number of controversies. The opponents argue that the policy discriminates against the majority and therefore violates the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. Many litigations took place in the United States over the course of years, some of the cases were even brought before the Supreme Court. The Bachelor's thesis "The Policy of Affirmative Action at American Universities: Perspective of the Supreme Court 1978-2003" investigates the changes of the Supreme Court's approach to this problem in the period between 1978 (first landmark decision) and 2003, when the Supreme Court dealt with the issue last so far. On the basis of an analysis of the decisions in three significant Supreme Court cases, this paper characterizes the most...
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The conception of reconstruction of Yugoslavia after WW II
Šmejc, Martin ; Tejchman, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šesták, Miroslav (referee)
Martin Šmejc Abstract: "Conception of reconstruction of Yugoslavia after WW II." The topic "Conception of reconstruction of Yugoslavia after WW II." covers three different phenomena. The most important factor, that determined the development of Yugoslavia during the WW II., was the coming to power of the communist Partisans led by Josip Broz Tito. Their vision of Yugoslavia's reconstruction after the war was defined during the second session of the AVNOJ in Bosnian town Jajce in November 1943. How should according to those visions reconstructed Yugoslavia look like is one of the research questions this thesis is going to answer. The second phenomenon touches upon the conceptions of Yugoslavia's reconstruction by the royal Yugoslav governments in exile. Their project was quite as important as of the Partisans. Their importance resides in the fact that until March 1945, when a united government of Royalists and Partisans based on Tito-Šubašić agreement was created, the government in exile were considered as the only legitimate representatives of Yugoslavia. The third analyzed phenomenon is the impact of the three Allied powers on the situation of Yugoslavia until 1948. The third question posed in this analysis will determine the scope of influence of the USA, UK and USSR on the development of Yugoslavia -...
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Manas Air Base and U.S.-Kyrgyz Relations
Nováková, Sabina ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
The following thesis is a case study of the U.S. Manas air base in Kyrgyzstan. It addresses the significance of the base in the context of mutual U.S.-Kyrgyz relations after 2001. It aims to analyze the bilateral negotiations between the U.S. and the Kyrgyz on establishing the air base, its functioning, and eventually its closure in 2014. Among the research questions, it seeks to explain the respective positions of both parties, the motives behind their actions, and factors that influenced this negotiation process. The analysis shows that the extensive U.S. efforts to get and maintain access to the facility were driven by the necessity to secure transportation corridors to and from Afghanistan. Kyrgyzstan, on the other hand, was primarily interested in financial benefits stemming from having an American base on its territory. The U.S. let local elites enrich themselves in connection with the air base revenues. Kyrgyzstan's internal instability also had a major impact on its stance towards foreign policy matters and the issue of the Manas air base in particular. The U.S. was a stronger player in this asymmetric relationship, but Washington often got into situations where it was being pulled by Kyrgyzstan's domestic developments, which effectively determined mutual relations. The analysis concludes that...
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