National Repository of Grey Literature 44 records found  previous11 - 20nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Faktory ovlivňující příjmovou nerovnost
Koukalová, Pavla
This diploma thesis deals with the identification of factors that affect income inequality in the world. The literary overview describes the issue of income inequality, possible methods of measurement, projected factors of influence and the possibility of addressing income inequality. Statistical methods, in particular cluster, regression and panel analysis, are used to quantify and define the significance of the selected factors. The economic and technological level of the country, the education and the state of health of the population are key economic and demographic indicators. Each of these indicators, according to the results of the regression analysis, has a weak negative effect on income inequality, reducing it. The results of the panel analysis demonstrate that an indicator of the level of technology, education and the state of health of the population can be included among the major factors affecting income inequality in the world. The indicator of the economic level measured using per capita gross domestic product has proved insignificant, which means that while GDP has an impact on Gini’s coefficient, the other variables describe the relationship better.
Economic inequalities in EU: capital flows between the core and the periphery
Deďo, Peter ; Hána, David (advisor) ; Kebza, Martin (referee)
The subject of this bachelor thesis is the economic inequalities in the European Union between 1999 and 2018, with the aim to analyze the impact of capital flows resulting from dividends and remittances paid out on the development of spatial disparities between national states. The first part of the thesis attempts to anchor the theme into the concept of the World system by I. Wallerstein with an overlap into the historical context, which formed the basis for today's polarization of Europe. The following is a brief description of the pros and cons of inequalities with the presentation of the European Union's efforts to address this problem. In the methodological part there are described the tools for the study of variability and capital flows. The empirical study applies methodological approaches to the specific data of gross domestic product and gross disposable income coming mainly from Eurostat. Subsequently, the author tries to interpret the obtained analysis outputs. Keywords: European Union, inequalities, capital flows, Gini coefficient, GDP, structural funds
Impact of taxes and benefits on income inequality in the Czech Republic
Hospodka, Jakub ; Pavel, Jan (advisor) ; Vaskovskyi, Anton (referee)
The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to analyze the impacts of the tax system and the state social support benefits on the level of income inequality in the Czech Republic between 2004 and 2014. The space is also devoted to anchoring both systems and explaining the part of their functioning that is relevant for the mentioned topic. The Gini coefficient, the Robin Hood Index and the S80 / S20 ratio are used to quantify income inequality. The analysis consists of the creation of four income categories based on the EU SILC survey and the subsequent application of the above-mentioned indicators.
Anotated translation: : Garrido Koechlin, J. J. (2013) Sobre la pobreza: orígenes, cuentas y evolución en el Perú y el mundo. Revista de Economía y Derecho, vol. 10, nro. 39: 1063 - 137.
Tlustá, Vendula ; Králová, Jana (advisor) ; Obdržálková, Vanda (referee)
This bachelor thesis consists of two parts - the translation and the commentary on it. The first part introduces the functionally equivalent translation of the study Sobre la pobreza: orígenes, cuentas y evolución en el Perú y en el mundo by the Peruvian economist Juan José Garrido Koechlin. The study concerns the origin of poverty in general and describes the current situation in Peru. The second part of the thesis begins with the analysis of the source text according to Současná stylistika and the extratextual and intratextual factors according to Christiane Nord. Then, the overall translation strategy is stated, and finally, the solutions of particular translation problems are described.
Models of default prediction of a client
Hezoučká, Šárka ; Černý, Rostislav (advisor) ; Hurt, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to investigate possible improvement of scoring models prediction power in retail credit segment by using structural models estimating the future development of behavioral score. These models contain the informa- tion about past development of the behavioral score by parameters which take into account the sensitivity of clients' probability of default on individual market and life changes. These parameters are estimated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods based on score history. Eight different types of structural models were applied to real data. The diversification measure of individual models is compared using the Gini coefficient. These structural models were compared with each other and also with the existing scoring model of the credit institution which provided the underlying data. 1
Global Changes in Income Distribution: Causes and Impacts
Jančovič, Pavel ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
Téma bakalárskej práce: Global Changes in Income Distribution: Causes and Impacts Author: Pavel Jančovič Supervisor: doc. Ing. Tomáš Cahlík CSc. Abstract This thesis examines income inequality in the world. The main subject of investigation is the Gini coefficient, which determines the inequality. To measure the Gini coefficient are used different variables that could be empirically influencing. Econometric analysis consists of 34 countries of the world except Africa. Countries are divided into 5 groups. The measured period is between 1991 and 2011.We use the method of least squares, fixed effects and random effects. After performing regressions, results are commented, the best model is chosen, significant and non-significant variables are stated. We test models for heteroscedasticity, first order autocorrelation of the residuals and normality. Afterwards, we point out possible causes of the results. We refer to the countries in which income inequality is not a problem and reduce or stabilize Gini coefficient on low rate. Also we refer to countries, which has rate of the Gini coefficient, or income inequality increased in measured period.
Analysis and prediction of league games results
Šimsa, Filip ; Hanzák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Večeř, Jan (referee)
The thesis is devoted to an analysis of ice hockey matches results in the highest Czech league competition in seasons 1999/2000 to 2014/2015 and to prediction of the following matches. We describe and apply Kalman filter theory where forms of teams represent an unobservable state vector and results of matches serve as measurements. Goal differences are identified as a suitable transformation of a match result. They are used as a dependent variable in a linear regression to find significant predictors. For a prediction of a match result we construct an ordinal model with those predictors. By using generalized Gini coefficient, we compare a diversifica- tion power of this model with betting odds, which are offered by betting companies. At the end, we combine knowledge of odds before a match with other predictors to make a prediction model. This model is used to identify profitable bets. 1
Models of default prediction of a client
Hezoučká, Šárka ; Černý, Rostislav (advisor) ; Hurt, Jan (referee)
The aim of the presented work is to investigate possible improvement of scor- ing models prediction power in retail credit segment by using structural models estimating the future development of behavioral score. These models contain the information about past development of the behavioral score by parameters which take into account the sensitivity of clients' probability of default on in- dividual market and life changes. These parameters are estimated with Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods based on score history. Eight different types of struc- tural models were applied on the real data. The diversification measure of indivi- dual models is compared using the Gini coefficient. These structural models were compared with each other and also with the existing scoring model of the credit institution which provided the underlying data. 1
Regression goodness-of-fit criteria according to dependent variable type
Šimsa, Filip ; Hanzák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hlubinka, Daniel (referee)
This work is devoted to the description of linear, logistic, ordinal and multinominal regression models and interpretation of its parameters. Then it introduces a variety of quality indicators of mathematical models and the re- lations between them. It focuses mainly on the Gini coefficient and the coefficient of determination R2 . The first mentioned is established by modifying the Lorenz curve for ordinal and continuous variables and by comparing the estimated proba- bilities for nominal variable. The coefficient of determination R2 is newly defined for the nominal variable and is examined its relationship with Gini coefficient. As- suming normally distributed scores and errors of the model is numerically derived the relation between the Gini coefficient and the coefficient of determiantion for different distribution of continuous dependent variable. Theoretical calculations and definitions are illustrated on two real data sets. 1
Gini coefficient maximization in binary logistic regression
Říha, Samuel ; Hanzák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hlávka, Zdeněk (referee)
This Bachelor thesis describes a binary logistic regression model. By means of the term loss function a parameter estimation for the model is derived. A "rich" set of "proper" loss functions - beta family of Fisher-consistent loss functions - is defined. In the second part of the thesis, four basic goodness-of-fit criteria - Gini coefficient, C-statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics and coefficient of determination R2 are defined. Further on, a possibility of parameter estimation by maximizing the Gini coefficient is analysed. Several algorithms are designed for this purpose. They are compared with so far existing methods in one simulated data set and three real ones. 1

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