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Processing dialect vocabulary in national dictionary
Ireinová, Martina
The Dictionary of Czech Dialects has been processed in the Department of Dialectology of the Czech Language Institute of the CAS since 2011. As the first work of its kind in the Czech area, this dictionary deals with the vocabulary of all dialects of the Czech national language. The dictionary entries (beginning with A–Č) are accessible on the webpage https://sncj.ujc.cas.cz/. The material basis is formed by the Archive of Folk Speech, established in 1952, which contains a rich dialect material. By means of references, the dictionary is interconnected with monolingual dictionaries of Standard Czech, with the Czech Linguistic Atlas, the Dictionary of Moravian and Silesian Anoikonyms, and the Dictionary of Bohemian Anoikonyms.
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Borders of Dialect Lexis
Šipková, Milena
After a comprehensive description of the grammar by Jaromír Bělič (1972) and geographic depiction of Czech dialects in the six-volume Czech Linguistic Atlas (1-5, 1992-2005, Supplements 2011), the third and probably the most important task of the traditional Czech dialektology appears to be a nationwide dialects dictionary. The Dictionary of Czech Dialects was started in 2011 by the Department of Dialectology of the Institute of the Czech Language of the Czech Academy of Sciences, in Brno. The first period of work will result in ca 8,000 entries covering letters A-C. The Dictionary is designed as an electronic one (the printed version is being prepared) with the perspektive of further interactive usage (it contains links to other electronic works of the Department: the Dictionary of Anoikonyms in Bohemia (URL: http://mam2.ujc.cas.cz/onomast-pj), the Dictionary of Anoikonyms in Moravia and Silesia (URL: http://spjms.ujc.cas.cz), and the Czech Linguistic Atlas (URL. http://cja.ujc.cas.cz/cja.html). The Dictionary of Czech Dialects compiles lexis roughly from the first half of the 19th till the end of the 20th centuries.\n On the background of current linguistic situation in the Czech Republic (with the dialects better preserved in Moravia and Silesia compared to Bohemia), the author ponders upon the concept of a nationwide dialect dictionary, its specifics and borders (including the limiting factors of a differential dialect dictionary, the influence of codifications to the delimitation of dialect words, the degee of incorporstion of professionalisms/dialect terminology, potentiality etc.). \n We hope that together with a new comprehensive dictionary of Czech (with the provisional title Academic Dictionary of Current Czech) which has been compiled at the Institute of the Czech Language of the Academy of Sciences in Prague since 2012, the Dictionary of Czech Dialects will enable to reveal the dynamism of the lexical system and its external and internal stimuli.
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On Some German Loanwords in Czech Dialects as Reflected in the Dictionary of Dialects of the Czech Language
Čižmárová, Libuše
The Department of Dialectology of the AS CR, v.v.i., works on the electronic Dictionary of Czech Dialects at present. It is a long-term project, in the first five years supported by the Czech Science Foundation. So far the part of the lexical material A-C comprising approx. 7 000 entries has been processed. As it is a dialect dictionary, each entry collects all recorded morphological and phonological variants represented by a lemmatized headword. The material basis of the dictionary contains approx. 1.5 million dialect records assembled in the so called Archive of Folk Speech, a colection of excerpts from printed as well as handwritten local dialect dictionaries and monographs mainly from the half of 19th century to the end of the 20th century,\n The Czech dialect material contains many germanisms. Till 1945, 3 million of Germans lived in the area contemporary Czechia therefore many German words penetrated the Czech language, above all expressions from the thematic fields of craft, transport, army, agriculture, household. In Czech, the German words were adapted to a various extent and in various ways. The item deals with several lexical nests comprising the German loanwords, presents variants of individual lexemes in their adapted form and tries to explain the bases and processes of these adaptations.\n In the headword of each entry, the so called lemmatized form stands, i.e. the form close to the literary language. If the word is not a part of the literary language, a form as close as possible to the German base stands for the headword.\n In the article, the dialectisms borrowed from German are systemized into nests according to their formal characteristics. Samples of some so far edited entries follow.
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Spoken Urban Language of Czech, Equalizing Processes in Traditional Dialects.
Ireinová, Martina
Next to the complex view capturing the geographic differentiation of the traditional Czech dialects, Czech dialectologists turn their attention also to equalizing language processes that manifest themselves above all in the spoken urban language. Their research follows the program paper Ke zkoumání městské mluvy (On Research of Urban Speech, 1962) by the eminent Czech linguist Jaromír Bělič. On the one hand, the urban speech of Czech is described in monographs, on the other hand, the research results are presented in the Czech Linguistic Atlas (1992–2011) and in the arising Dictionary of Czech Dialects. A great amount of language material is concentrated in the corpuses of spoken language.
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