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Dikobraz ‚porcupine‘ and buvol ‚buffalo‘ 200 years after Presl – research in the present-day pronunciation of two common nouns
Štěpánová, Veronika ; Novák, J.
Within a scientific internship for high school students realized in 2021 in the Czech Language Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, besides other things, the current pronunciation usage of the expressions dikobraz ‚porcupine‘ and buvol ‚buffalo‘, both proposed by J. S. Presl as official Czech zoological terms, has been investigated. Both of these designations are remarkable from the phonetic point of view. In case of dikobraz, the existing monolingual dictionaries of Czech have so far admitted the pronunciation variants [dɪkobras] and [ɟɪkobras]. The analysis of sound records from the online archives of Czech public media has proved that the variant [ɟɪkobras], reflecting the etymological origin of this Russianism, has not appeared in a representative sample of both professional and non‑professional speakers. An informal survey has discovered that its occurrence would be surprising or disturbing for a majority of the users of Czech. On the other hand, in case of the second analysed expression buvol, it has been proved that more than one third of the investigated Czech speakers use the sound variant [buːvol], whereas no such sound (or graphical) variant is codified at present (however, J. S. Presl originally proposed a form written bůvol). The results of this research may serve also as important data for the arising Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech, for the Internet Language Reference Book etc.
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The Influence of English on Other Languages, Especially Czech
Bondareva, Anastasiia ; Zmrzlá, Petra (referee) ; Smutný, Milan (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá vlivem angličtiny na jiné jazyky, zejména na dnešní český jazyk. V úvodů se práce zabývá o historickém pozadí anglického jazyka s cílem porozumět důvodům širokého používání angličtiny v současné době. Dále je vysvětlena důležitost výuky angličtiny v současné době a vysvětluje hlavní důvody jejího učení. Následující část se zabývá praktickou částí, kde byly analyzovány různé knihy, články, které dokazují existenci anglických přejatých slov v češtině, ruštině a francouzštině. V této části práce jsou také analyzovány důvody pro přijetí přejatých slov. Poslední kapitola vysvětluje negativní dopad anglického jazyka na další jazyky.
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Czech phonetic transcription
Zedek, Martin ; Atassi, Hicham (referee) ; Sysel, Petr (advisor)
The aim is to create a script for automatic transcription of Czech language phonetic forward and backward. The thesis compares the different phonetic alphabet and describes their advantages and disadvantages. For this thesis was eventually selected Czech Phonetic Alphabet (ČFA). The following are the most important rules for connection of vowels and consonants and the main assimilation rules. The script was created in MATLAB environment. The function is to convert the phonetic form using the rules described. Backward conversion is not fully debugged and it is necessary to refine the result using Aspell program for correcting spelling.
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The Influence of English on Other Languages, Especially Czech
Bondareva, Anastasiia ; Zmrzlá, Petra (referee) ; Smutný, Milan (advisor)
V mé semestrální práce jsem popsala historii anglického jazyka k porozumění proč tento jazyk je široce používán v dnešní době v jiných zemích. Hlavními důvody půjčování anglických slov jsou kolonizace různých míst ve světě britskou říší a vedení USA v oblasti počítačových technologií, inženýrství a televize. Vysvětluji také jak jsou tyto tendence přijímány ve světě. Negativní a pozitivní aspekty jsou podrobně popsány.
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Syntactic Analyzer for Czech Language
Beneš, Vojtěch ; Otrusina, Lubomír (referee) ; Kouřil, Jan (advisor)
Master’s thesis describes theoretical basics, solution design, and implementation of constituency (phrasal) parser for Czech language, which is based on a part of speech association into phrases. Created program works with manually built and annotated Czech sample corpus to generate probabilistic context free grammar within runtime machine learning. Parser implementation, based on extended CKY algorithm, then for the input Czech sentence decides if the sentence can be generated by the created grammar and for the positive cases constructs the most probable derivation tree. This result is then compared with the expected parse to evaluate constituency parser success rate.
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Language Modeling for Spech Recognition in Czech
Mikolov, Tomáš ; Černocký, Jan (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
This work concerns the problematic of language modeling in automatic speech recognition. Currently widely used techniques for advanced language modeling based on statistical approach are described in the first part of work - class based language models, factored language models and neural network based language models. In the next section, implementation of neural network based language model is described. Results obtained on "Pražský mluvený korpus" and "Brněnský mluvený korpus" corpora (1 170 000 words) are reported, with perplexity reduction around 20%. Also, results obtained after rescoring N-best lists with spontaneous speech are reported, with absolute improvement in accuracy by more than 1%. In the conclusion, possible uses of the work are mentioned, along with possible extensions in the future. Finally, main weaknesses of current statistical language modeling techniques are described.
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Word Sense Disambiguation
Kraus, Michal ; Glembek, Ondřej (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
The master's thesis deals with sense disambiguation of Czech words. Reader is informed about task's history and used algorithms are introduced. There are naive Bayes classifier, AdaBoost classifier, maximum entrophy method and decision trees described in this thesis. Used methods are clearly demonstrated. In the next parts of this thesis are used data also described. Last part of the thesis describe reached results. There are some ideas to improve the system at the end of the thesis.
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Derivational Morphology of Czech on Large Corpus Data
Faltusová, Marie ; Dytrych, Jaroslav (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
Subject of this thesis is study of word formation in the Czech language. The main aim is to create a module acquiring derivations from data of the electronic Dictionary of the Czech Language. This problematics has been solved by constructing three-level processing based on dictionary data. The first level is to obtain derivations from lemma definitions, the second step is making groups of basic forms according to their similarities, and the third stage is the evaluation of derivation pairs by number tag of derivation class to which they belong. I have managed to get more than 4 500 new words and evaluate over 20 000 derivative couples. The module has become a full-fledged part of the Morphological Analyzer of the Knowledge Technology Research Group, working at the Faculty of Information Technology of the Brno University of Technology.
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Intonation of Czech Speakers When Speaking English
Houšť, Vítězslav ; Baumgartnerová, Alena (referee) ; Walek, Agata (advisor)
Intonace je často popisována jakožto pohyb výšek v mluvené řeči, který člověku pomáhá se slovním vyjádřením svých myšlenek. Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá možnými obtížemi s intonací, se kterými se může Čech setkat při mluvení anglicky, neboť mohou vést ke změně významu ním vyřčených slov. Cílem práce je se tyto potíže pokusit rozlišit, a to vysvětlením základních pojmů spojených s intonací, a jejich aplikací při porovnání nahrávek hlasů desíti Čechů vyslovujících osm anglických frází s nahrávkami stejných frází namluvenými čtyřmi rodilými mluvčími.
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Simple Czech Grammar Correcttor for OpenOffice
Ličko, Jozef ; Herout, Adam (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
The grammar of natural language is generally complex. Often, it is very difficult to describe it precisely in a formal way. There are several approaches to grammar correction using computer technologies. This thesis deals with the construction of a simple rule-based Czech grammar checker. It focuses on subordinate relative constructions. The corrector is designed to identify missing comma in them. If such a sentence is found the program proposes possible suggestions how to correct it. The application operates as a plugin for OpenOffice suite.
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