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Physical Phenomenon as a Creative Method in Architecture
Buryová, Tereza ; Mach, Jan (referee) ; Kristek,, Jan (advisor)
Cellular_ polar research station Antarctica is the driest, the busiest and most extensive place on Earth, half-year-shrouded. People still live here. They set up the research stations in which they live and work. In these extreme climatic conditions, the station originates and disappears due to natural behaving. Stations provide researchers with safety and space for research, including comfort. They are built in different ways and provide different comforts, according to technological and transport options.
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Testing of polymeric materials under climatic conditions of Antarctica
Mičkal, Petr ; Sluková, Michaela (referee) ; Krmíček, Lukáš (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis generally deals with polymer materials and evaluates the possibility of testing their resistance to extreme climates of Antarctica. Described herein are various polymer materials, their characteristics, structure, properties and more thorough and detailed descriptions of selected polymers. The next section describes the basic types of degradation these polymers are exposed to, when facing the extreme conditions of the Antarctic climate. The practical part contains evaluations of tests made on the degraded polymer materials that were collected in Antarctica during the southern Antarctic season of 2013-2014 by Ing. Bc. Pavel Kapler, Ph.D, who is a superintendent at the Czech scientific station JG Mendel.
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The legal regime of the Arctic (international legal aspects of the Arctic Ocean), compared to the legal regime of Antarctica
Huk Kloučková, Eliška ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Šturma, Pavel (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the legal regimes of the Arctic and Antarctica and to compare them. The research question is whether and in what specific ways the legal regimes of these polar regions differ. The thesis mainly uses the descriptive method, which describes the basic background and the applicable legal framework, and then the comparative method when comparing the two regimes. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into a total of seven chapters. The thesis thus first defines the Arctic and Antarctic, introduces their history and outlines their geopolitical significance. The main parts of the thesis are devoted to the legal regime. In the case of the Arctic, which is mainly a frozen sea around the North Pole, the law of the sea relevant to this territory is discussed. Attention is given to the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and its application to the Arctic Ocean. The thesis also describes the pending disputes in this area and the challenges that this legal regime poses not only for Arctic states. In the case of Antarctica, which is a continent, the complex treaty regime that was treaty-anchored in 1954 is discussed. Attention is also paid to the European Union's interest in these areas, as well as the Czech Republic's...
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Genome sequences of two Antarctic strains of Pseudomonas prosekii: insights into adaptation to extreme conditions
SNOPKOVÁ, Kateřina
Pseudomonas is ubiquitous bacterial genus with the high biotechnological potential. Pseudomonas prosekii is species recently described from James Ross Island (Antarctica). Although its endemic lifestyle could be assumed, its low-temperature adaptation mechanisms have not yet been described and understood. Therefore, we sequenced two P. prosekii strains and performed deep genome analysis with a special respect to the genes related to cold adaptation. We identified and analyzed the genes responsible for cold shock and oxidative stress response, osmoregulation, exopolysaccharide and siderophores production, and biofilm formation. Comparative genome analysis of P. prosekii and P. aeruginosa PAO1 highlighted differences in genome content between extremophile species and a mesophilic opportunistic pathogen.
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Legal regime of Antarctica with a special focus on the protection of the environment and the position of the Czech Republic
Přech, Ondřej ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
The objective of the thesis is to describe the legal regime of the Antarctic specifically in relation to the protection of its environment. The introductory chapters are devoted to brief description of the natural conditions of the Antarctic and the history of its exploration. In relation with the discovery voyages there are also mentioned the first territorial claims of the states and the legal foundations on which these claims were made. The author also deals with the basic legal document in relation to this continent, the Antarctic Treaty, mainly with its main principles as the demilitarization, prohibition of appropriation and the recognition of previous claims. Under the Antarctic Treaty several categories of the Parties to the Treaty can be distinguished which is an un-common situation. The existence of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting which is related to this situation is also being discussed. This Consultative Meeting further develops the principles of the Antarctic Treaty and issues Measures, Decisions and Resolutions. This thesis focuses on the analysis of the protection of the environment of the Antarctic. The topic has been divided into separate components of the environment and these are dealt with in individual chapters of the thesis where the steady development and the introduction...
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Impact of being evergreen or deciduous on the wood anatomy of the trees in polar regions during the warm geological period : case study from Upper Cretaceous of the James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula)
Chernomorets, Oleksandra ; Sakala, Jakub (advisor) ; Gryc, Vladimír (referee)
Global warming and its influence on the environment has become a popular and widespread issue. Nowadays, an analogy of a high latitude ecosystem during the greenhouse type of climate does not exist. The Cretaceous polar ecosystem gave us a unique possibility of understanding these extreme ecosystems and the specific adaptations of organisms to these conditions. Such types of ecosystem are crucial for a better understanding of possible future climate changes. This thesis focusses on the adaptation strategies of land plants during the Late Cretaceous in the Arctic peninsula. The land plants responded to these specific solar conditionals in two different ways: evergreen or deciduous. The fossil material for this study comes from Brandy Bay and Crame Col, James Ross Island, Antarctic. The material was collected in a continuous sequence from Kotic point to Santa Marta Formation (Cenomanian - Companian). A detailed and systematic analysis was performed on five out of fifty-five samples that well represented the studied region and age: Agathoxylon kellerense, Agathoxylon antarcticus, Araucarioxylon chapmanae, Podocarpoxylon multiparenchymatosum and Phoroxylon sp. Based on the detailed study of Agathoxylon kellerense (sample number AN34) wood anatomy and growth rings structure, adaptation strategies were...
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Ecology and Taxonomy of limno-terrestrial diatoms from East Antarctica.
Bishop, Jordan ; Kopalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hutňan Chattová, Barbora (referee) ; Jüttner, Ingrid (referee)
Diatoms are single-celled photosynthetic eukaryotes that substantially contribute to global primary productivity. They are also among the most diverse groups of organisms in Antarctica. Biogeographically, Antarctica is divided into three distinct regions including the Sub-Antarctic, Maritime Antarctic, and Continental Antarctic. Recent taxonomic revisions of diatoms within the Sub-Antarctic and Maritime Antarctic Regions have uncovered a number of endemic taxa initially misidentified as cosmopolitan due to species "force-fitting". Within Continental Antarctica, this taxonomic uncertainty has led to confusion about the environmental drivers of limno-terrestrial diatom communities, although this knowledge is important given the use of diatoms as regional bioindicators for environmental change. The purpose of this dissertation is to reevaluate the diatom flora of Continental Antarctica and determine variables that structure their communities within two historically and biologically important localities within East Antarctica; the Vestfold Hills and Windmill Islands. The erection of the genus Sabbea was performed to accommodate a long-misidentified species, Sabbea adminensis, that occurs within the Vestfold Hills and McMurdo Sound Region where it had been the source of taxonomic confusion since the...
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Impact of being evergreen or deciduous on the wood anatomy of the trees in polar regions during the warm geological period : case study from Upper Cretaceous of the James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula)
Chernomorets, Oleksandra ; Sakala, Jakub (advisor) ; Gryc, Vladimír (referee)
Global warming and its influence on the environment has become a popular and widespread issue. Nowadays, an analogy of a high latitude ecosystem during the greenhouse type of climate does not exist. The Cretaceous polar ecosystem gave us a unique possibility of understanding these extreme ecosystems and the specific adaptations of organisms to these conditions. Such types of ecosystem are crucial for a better understanding of possible future climate changes. This thesis focusses on the adaptation strategies of land plants during the Late Cretaceous in the Arctic peninsula. The land plants responded to these specific solar conditionals in two different ways: evergreen or deciduous. The fossil material for this study comes from Brandy Bay and Crame Col, James Ross Island, Antarctic. The material was collected in a continuous sequence from Kotic point to Santa Marta Formation (Cenomanian - Companian). A detailed and systematic analysis was performed on five out of fifty-five samples that well represented the studied region and age: Agathoxylon kellerense, Agathoxylon antarcticus, Araucarioxylon chapmanae, Podocarpoxylon multiparenchymatosum and Phoroxylon sp. Based on the detailed study of Agathoxylon kellerense (sample number AN34) wood anatomy and growth rings structure, adaptation strategies were...
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The legal regime of Antarctica and the protection of its environment
Ledl, Jakub ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
The purpose of the diploma thesis is to describe and summarize the legal regime of Antarctica including its evolution, functioning and the protection of its environment. Chapter one of the thesis consists of the introduction with the Antarctic continent including the natural conditions, the history of the discovering, the competition between Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott to reach the South Pole and the territorial claims of seven states in the first half of the twentieth century. The second chapter deals with the fundamental document of the legal regime of Antarctica - The Antarctic Treaty. The Antarctic Treaty was signed in Washington on 1 December 1959 by the twelve countries whose scientists had been active in and around Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58. The very important provisions of the Treaty contain international cooperation and prohibition of any measures of a military nature, such as the establishment of military bases and fortifications, carrying out of the military maneuvers, as well as testing of any type of weapons. Antarctica became international space which can not be appropriated by individual states. The third chapter deals with the Antarctic Treaty System and its analysis and summary. The Antarctic Treaty System regulates the international...
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